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| Method of manufacturing a semiconductor device |
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| Supported nickel-cobalt-silica coprecipitated hydrogenation catalyst |
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| Process for making filled articles from polymeric material |
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Poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends
| Details |
Inventors: Ragan, Gary S.; Jones, Jesse D.;
Assignee: Ethyl Corporation (Richmond, VA)
Primary Examiner:
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
The impact strength of thermoplastic poly(ethylene terephthalate) molding compositions containing a reinforcing filler (preferably glass fiber), an epoxidized crystallization promoter (e.g., an epoxidized vegetable oil) and a nucleating agent (e.g., sodium stearate) is markedly improved by including in the composition a small amount of an organofunctional silane, i.e., a compound characterized by having a functional substituent at the end of a methylene chain bound to a silicon atom to which are also bonded a plurality of readily hydrolyzable groups. A few such compounds are gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The formulations may also contain a warp-reducing filler such as mica. Organofunctional silanes typically have application in thermoplastic polymers only as coupling agents, i.e., agents that act to bind the resin to a reinforcing filler so that improved tensile strength and tensile modulus are obtained. However, in the present compositions the organofunctional silanes appear to function in a new and different way--they serve as effective impact modifiers for the PET blends and in so doing, provide significantly improved Izod Impact results. Normally the tensile strength and tensile modulus are not materially changed by the addition of the organofunctional silanes. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (a) Poly(ethylene terephthalates) The poly(ethylene terephthalate) used herein is crystallizable and is preferably homopolymeric PET.
Halogenated crystallizable PET can also be used and is normally formed by condensation of a mixture of a halogenated, preferably brominated, terephthalate acid (e.
g.
, 2,5-dibromoterephthalic acid and 2,3,5,6-tetrabromoterephthalic acid) and terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol.
Additionally, providing the resulting copolymer is crystallizable, the poly(ethylene terephthalate) used herein can also contain radicals of other aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as, for example, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, diphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid and the like as well as their halogenated counterparts.
The copolymers, provided the copolymer remains crystalline, can also contain radicals of other glycols such as, for example, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, dibromoneopentyl glycol, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether of tetrabromobisphenol A and tetrabromo-p-xylylene glycol.
See for example Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Second Edition, Vol.
16, pp.
161-172 (1968).
The poly(ethylene terephthalates) used herein may be virgin or recycled PET's and should be moldable (i.
e.
, injection moldable or moldable by extrusion), and thus generally will have an intrinsic viscosity (I.
V.
) falling between about 0.
25 and 1.
5, and more usually between about 0.
5 and 1.
2, as measured at 25.
degree.
C.
using a solvent consisting of 60 percent by weight phenol and 40 percent by weight of tetrachloroethane.
For best results the poly(ethylene terephthalate) should have an I.
V.
(measured in the foregoing manner) in the range of 0.
4 to 1.
2, more preferably between 0.
5 and 1.
1, and for most injection molding applications poly(ethylene terephthalates) in which the I.
V.
is in the range of 0.
5 to 0.
9 are deemed most desirable.
(b) Epoxidized Crystallization Promoter A wide variety epoxidized crystallization promoters may be used in the practice of this invention
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Adhesives and Rubbers 
