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Alveolar gas sampling system and method
| Details |
Inventors: Clark, Justin S.; Farr, Frederick L.;
Assignee: Intermountain Health Care ()
Primary Examiner: Howell; Kyle L.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Criddle & Western
An alveolar gas sampling system comprises a catheter adapted for placement in a patient's nostril or in an endotracheal tube and connected to a positive displacement pump through a three way valve. Signal means for detecting onset of inspiration and expiration is mounted at the tip of the catheter and connected to a controller. The positive displacement pump is driven by a reversible stepper motor actuated by the controller during the flow of alveolar air. When the desired amount of alveolar gas has been sampled, the stepper motor is reversed and the position of the valve is switched by the controller causing the alveolar gas collected in the positive displacement pump to be expelled for analysis. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring now to the Drawings: There is shown in FIGS.
1 and 2 an operative embodiment of the invention, the novel features of which will be described hereinafter.
One of the major advantages of the present invention is that the gas collection and gas analysis functions are separated or may be separated so that one central analyzer can or may service many patients.
This reduces overall expense, maintenance, and bulk as well as removes the necessity of having analyzers at each patient's bedside.
A second distinct advantage of the invention is that the system will interface conveniently to non-cooperative infants and children, some of whom are obligatory nose breathers.
These patients may be breathing inside headboxes or they may be interfaced to respiratory assist devices via endotracheal tubes.
As will be further described, a key feature of the invention is the control of the sampling process by means of a positive displacement pump driven by a reversible stepper motor coupled with the fact that the system is designed to sample expired gas over a number of respiratory cycles producing a time averaged alveolar gas sample.
The system is economical and utilizes a catheter which is encumbered only by a small temperature responsive thermistor or other signal means which allows the system to be easily interfaced to patients under a variety of circumstances.
There is schematically illustrated in FIG.
1, a catheter 17 which is attached to a patient.
The catheter tip 10 is more specifically illustrated in FIG.
2 and comprises a thermistor guard 11 adapted to fit into the nostril or endotracheal tube of a patient.
The thermistor guard, as illustrated, is partially cut-away to illustrate the catheter tip 12 to which is mounted a thermistor 13.
The thermistor guard 11 is small, and as such, does not completely block the air passageway into the nostril.
The catheter tip likewise is small in size.
The temperature responsive thinistor (thin film thermistor) is mounted at the tip of the catheter as illustrated and secured by welding or adhesive means 14a
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Audio Signal Processing 
