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Composition and method for clarifying and deodorizing a standing body of water
| Details |
Inventors: Dale, Parker; Hill, John E.;
Assignee: Neozyme International, Inc. (Newport Beach, CA)
Primary Examiner: Naff; David M.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Merchant, Gould, Smith, Edell, Welter & Schmidt
A composition and method are provided for clarifying and deodorizing a standing body of water such as fresh and salt water pools and water of spas, cooling towers, lakes and ponds such as aquaculture ponds. The composition contains by weight about 20.26% of a fermentation supernatant from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture, about 0.1% sodium benzoate, about 0.01% imidazolidinyl urea, about 0.15% diazolidinyl urea and about 9% non-ionic surfactant. Preferably, anionic and cationic surfactants and urea are absent from the composition. The composition may also contain about 0.05%, by weight, calcium chloride. The method is carried out by adding a solution of the composition to a body of water to provide in the water by weight about 0.02% to about 0.1% of a fermentation supernatant from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001% sodium benzoate, about 0.000002% to about 0.00001% imidazolidinyl urea, about 0.00003% to about 0.00015% diazolidinyl urea, about 0.002% to about 0.009% non-ionic surfactant, and about 0.000005% calcium chloride when present. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention is directed at a composition for the treatment and clarification of water of fresh and salt water pools, spas, cooling towers, aquaculture ponds, lakes and ponds.
Oxidative biological and chemical processes in aqueous environments are limited by the low solubility of oxygen in water.
This physical limitation is defined by Henry's Law.
It states that when the temperature is kept constant, the amount of a gas that dissolves into a liquid is proportional to the pressure exerted by the gas on the liquid.
The solubility of oxygen in pure water is only about 10 parts per million (ppm) at ambient temperatures and at one atmosphere pressure.
The composition of the present invention has been observed to increase oxygen in water above levels which would be anticipated by Henry's Law.
For most aerobic bioprocesses, whether a wastewater treatment system or a biotechnology fermentation, dissolved oxygen is quickly consumed so that replenishing it becomes the factor which limits the rate of the process.
Therefore, the most critical component of a bioprocess design is the means for the mass transfer of oxygen into the liquid phase of the process.
For an actively respiring culture of bacteria at a cell density of about 10.
sup.
9 cells/ml, oxygen in the liquid medium must be replaced about 12 times per minute to keep up with the oxygen demand of the bacteria.
Water is typically aerated by increasing the contact surfaces between the gaseous and liquid phases.
This can be done either by introducing a source of oxygen into a bulk liquid phase or by flowing dispersed water through a bulk gaseous (air) phases.
Regardless of whether the gaseous or liquid phases dominate the oxygenation process, the mass transfer of oxygen, or other gas, is accomplished by introducing gas bubbles into the liquid phase.
The efficiency of gas-liquid mass transfer depends to a large extent on the characteristics of the bubbles.
Bubble behavior strongly affects the following mass-transfer parameters: transfer of oxygen from the interior of the bubble to the gas-liquid interface; movement of oxygen across the gas-liquid interface; and diffusion of oxygen through the relatively stagnant liquid film surrounding the bubble
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