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Details
Inventors: Horiguchi, Akiko; Usami, Mitsuo; Ohki, Masaru;
Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd. (Tokyo, JP)
Primary Examiner: Horabik; Michael
Assistant Examiner: Nguyen; Nam
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Mattingly, Stanger, Malur & Brundidge, P.C.

A contactless IC chip is mounted or adhered on a certificate and used in a service system having an interrogator and a computer system. The interrogator and the computer system are interconnected via a network such as the Internet. The IC chip is used as an electronic tag and the interrogator receives first information by reading information printed on the certificate including a digital signature and by receiving second information from the electronic tag through an antenna of the interrogator. Then, the first information from the certificate and the digital signature are used by the computer to calculate third information that is compared with the second information received from the electronic tag. If the comparison results in a match, then the certificate is deemed authentic.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Conventional certificates have some problems.
For example, since some of the certificates are about the size of a palm of a human, they are inconvenient to carry and therefore usually kept in a home.
In this case, a user may come upon a situation in which the user cannot obtain the service for the reason that the user has left the certificate behind.
To solve this problem, in addition to an original certificate, a card-type of certificate made of paper or plastic is often issued.
However, the genuineness of the card-type of certificate is protected only by printing technology, and therefore there is a possibility of counterfeiting thereof.
To prevent the fraud use of the counterfeited certificate, it is needed that a facility of service verify the identity of the owner of the certificate by another method, which may lead the increase in management costs of the service system.
Moreover, even for a card-type certificate, when a user intends to obtain many kinds of services, the number of the certificates becomes large and it is inconvenient to bring these certificates.
Likewise, an original certificates also have a problem that a counterfeited one may be used fraudulently.
With respect to a paper money, a merchandise coupon or a stock certificate, which is a kind of certificate certifying a monetary value, there have been reported cases where counterfeiting is performed using a copying machine or a high-precision printer.
An object of the present invention is to provide a sheet-shaped medium which can be used as a certificate or a part of a certificate and which is hard to counterfeit.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for the determination of genuineness or counterfeitness of the sheet-shaped medium, a method for the determination of the soundness of the sheet-shaped medium and a method for the verification of data of the sheet-shaped medium.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for issuing a certificate which is hard to counterfeit



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