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Indoor air quality and ventilation assessment monitoring device
| Details |
Inventors: Olcerst, Robert;
Assignee:
Primary Examiner: Voeltz; Emanuel T.
Assistant Examiner: Smith; Demetra R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
A monitoring device system and a method for controlling ventilation in an enclosed or confined environment by regulating the effective ventilation rate, air exchange rate, mixing factors, stratification of air within the confined area, the percentage of outside air which is introduced (when possible), the percentage of recirculated air, mean air life, air half-life are described. The device may be used for controlling an HVAC system so that air quality conforms to predetermined air quality standards. The monitoring device consists of a multiport sample collection system and one or more sensors to detect determinants of air quality. The method of control uses a CPU to regulate fans, dampers, and other systems to maintain the air quality within predetermined ranges, based upon the monitoring data. A tracer gas, preferably CO.sub.2, is used to determine system parameters. Measurement of additional gases and particulates and local ventilation control responsive to such toxicants is limited only by the availability of suitable detection methods. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION This invention is directed to methods for assessing the quality of air in a confined environment and to methods for controlling or adjusting the chemical composition of ambient air in a confined environment so that the air is healthful to the occupants of that space at all times.
A confined environment includes but is not limited to submarines, mines, houses, office buildings, factories, ships, "confined spaces" as defined in 29 CFR 1.
120, airplanes and a space station.
For mammals to survive in any of these circumstances, it is necessary to provide an adequate supply of oxygen and it is also necessary to monitor the presence of toxic or explosive gases and to provide alarm systems or controlling devices so that an adequate supply of oxygen is present at all times and that toxic gases are removed at a rate sufficient to enable mammalian life to survive.
In certain circumstances, such as mines, it is necessary to remove explosive gases because the concentration and density of these gases can result in catastrophic events.
This invention also is directed to a method for the monitoring of hazardous gases and to the control of hazardous gases through the use of a sequential monitoring system which is integrated into an air handling system which combines the functions of the fan speed-control, damper settings, mechanical and chemical filtration so as to provide a healthy environment at all times, on a real time basis.
The invention is also applicable to control of indoor air quality which does not relate to known or quantified hazardous contaminants but relates to the perceived "freshness` of the air.
Secondary factors such as odor and bacterial contamination have been addressed traditionally on the basis of fixed exchange rates (c.
f.
ASHRAE 62-1989), not real time adjustments responsive to actual air quality under changing conditions.
These secondary factors are often invoked to explain "sick building" when traditional chemical air toxics are absent or minimal.
When known toxic gases are present, they may be sampled using standard detection means
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Communications 
