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Algorithm for gray scale analysis especially of fruit or nuts
| Details |
Inventors: Kelly, Patrick L.; Klein, Cynthia M.;
Assignee: Dole Dried Fruit and Nut Company (Bakersfield, CA)
Primary Examiner: Razavi; Michael
Assistant Examiner: Cammarata; Michael
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Townsend and Townsend
A technique of characterizing histograms using unique serial code words for discrimination between look alike acceptable and unacceptable items. The histogram is processed by normalizing the captured histogram image pixels preferably to the largest pixel size image normally encountered. Thereafter the histogram is attributed. The preferred embodiment related to a gray scale histogram (as distinguished from a histogram relating to area, length, width, perimeter, or aspect ratio) and successively attributes each histogram into peak location, range of histogram, peak value, right of peak value, and a selected gray scale count. For each attribute, an arbitrary range of codes is generated to break the classification of each attribute into manageable two-digit code categories. These two-digit code categories are typically written to a serial look-up table opposite the actual histogram value and extracted from the look-up table in real time to create two-digit code words. The two-digit code words are in turn concatenated in real time to create a unique serial word out of the successive codes from each attribute of each individual histogram. In the case of product acceptance and rejection, the unique serial code words of acceptable product is nonredundantly written to a library with word recognition indicting acceptable product. In grading product, the unique serial code words are provided to identify the product or defect which can thereafter be summed or otherwise processed for generating the desired product grades. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other objects, features and advantages of this invention will become more apparent after referring to the following specifications and attached drawings in which: FIG.
1 is a perspective view of an automated inspection system for almonds illustrating a conveyor passing almonds to a singulating vibratory table with the almonds serially falling in a stream eight wide past paired cameras for the capturing of a histogram image and with acceptable and unacceptable almonds being directed to either side of a separating fence by computer actuated air reject nozzles; FIG.
2 is a block diagram of the logic capable of creating the unique eight digit word for recognition of the acceptable and unacceptable product, the signature library here illustrated containing only those unique serial code words of acceptable product; FIG.
3 is a typical histogram being assigned a specific logic code in accordance with this invention, the logic code using the five attributes of range, peak value, right of peak range, and gray scale 4; FIG.
4 is a prior art comparison of acceptable and unacceptable histograms having no overlap; FIG.
5 is a prior art comparison of acceptable and unacceptable histograms having shoulder overlap on the common side of both histograms; FIG.
6 illustrates the overlap of the histograms of the classification scheme similar to that illustrated herein; FIG.
7 is a histogram plot of dark, medium and light almonds, the plot illustrating the overlap and pixel distribution characteristics of even acceptable product; and FIG.
8 is a gray scale average histogram for the average acceptable almond and the average rejectable hull fragments, the histogram illustrating a typical look alike histogram characteristics of the illustrated sort.
Referring to FIG.
1, an apparatus for the optical inspection of eight falling streams of almonds is illustrated.
Specifically, a conveyor C conveys a serial stream of almonds A to a vibratory table T having eight discrete channels D1-D8
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