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| Circuit for generating three-phase PWM signal |
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| Voltage regulator with non-linear excitation control |
| OF THE INVENTION In FIG. 1, an alternator 10 is coupled to charge a battery 12. The alternator, as ... |
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| Switching regulator |
| OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a circuit view showing an embodiment of a switching regulator according ... |
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| Real time charging control of a fast battery charger |
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| Life protector enclosure for mines |
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| Battery assembly |
| OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to FIG. 1, the invention is incorporated in a remote ... |
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| Charging control system for uniformly charging a series connected battery array |
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| Strategy to control battery state of charge based on vehicle velocity |
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| Method and apparatus for estimating the service life of a battery |
| OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a novel circuit (e.g., service life ... |
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Satellite battery thermal/capacity design
| Details |
Inventors: Hall, John G.;
Assignee: Space Systems/Loral, Inc. (Palo Alto, CA)
Primary Examiner: Skapars; Anthony
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Perman & Green
A method is disclosed of operating a nickel-hydrogen battery when the battery is less than fully charged. Specifically, battery recharge is completed at a temperature T.sub.1, in the range of approximately -10.degree. C. to -30.degree. C. which is lower than a temperature T.sub.2 in the range of approximately -10.degree. C. to +5.degree. C., at which discharge begins. The temperature T.sub.1 is chosen to maximize the extent of the reaction represented by the equation: Ni(OH).sub.2 +OH.sup.- =NiOOH+H.sub.2 O+e.sup.-. versus the reaction represented by the equation: H.sub.2 O+2e.sup.- =OH.sup.- +1/2O.sub.2 Subsequently, it is desirable to heat the battery to the temperature T.sub.2 in readiness for discharge. A preferred recharge temperature is less than approximately -10.degree. C. The battery includes a positive electrode which may include electrochemically active Ni(OH).sub.2 possibly mixed with Co(OH).sub.2 and electrically conductive material having a resistivity less than approximately 0.1 ohm-cm, a negative electrode which is of a material which catalyzes the oxidation and reduction of H.sub.2, and an electrolyte which is a solution of KOH. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention relates to a method of operating a nickel-hydrogen battery which increases its charge capacity.
The method comprises the step of completing the recharging process for the battery at a temperature T.
sub.
1, in the range of approximately -10.
degree.
C.
down to -30.
degree.
C.
which is lower than a temperature T.
sub.
2, in the range of approximately -10.
degree.
C.
to +5.
degree.
C.
at which discharge customarily begins At the onset of the recharge operation the temperature may be in the range of +25.
degree.
C.
to +40.
degree.
C.
However, as recharge proceeds, the temperature is caused to fall to the range of -10.
degree.
C.
to -30.
degree.
C.
which is optimum for full recharge.
The temperature T.
sub.
1 is chosen to maximize the extent of the reaction represented by the equation: Ni(OH).
sub.
2 +OH.
sup.
- =NiOOH+H.
sub.
2 O+e.
sup.
-.
versus the reaction represented by the equation: 2OH.
sup.
- =1/2O.
sub.
2 H.
sub.
2 O+2e.
sup.
- Subsequently, it is desirable to heat the battery to the temperature T.
sub.
2 in readiness for discharge.
A preferred recharge temperature is less than approximately -10.
degree.
C.
The battery includes a positive electrode which may include electrochemically active Ni(OH).
sub.
2 (possibly mixed with Co(OH).
sub.
2) and electrically conductive material having a resistivity less than approximately 0.
1 ohm-cm, a negative electrode which is of a material which catalyzes the oxidation and reduction of H.
sub.
2, and an electrolyte which is a solution of KOH (typically 20% to 40% by weight).
Accordingly, a primary object of the invention is the provision of a unique method for increasing the capacity of a nickel-hydrogen battery.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method of increasing the capacity of a nickel-hydrogen battery by charging at a temperature, or within a range of temperatures, which is lower than the temperature at which discharge begins.
A further object of the invention is to provide such an improved method in which the extent of the reaction represented by the equation 2OH
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