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Thermoset heating composition including high efficiency heating agents and methods of use
| Details |
Inventors: Johnson, Jr., Robert H.;
Assignee:
Primary Examiner: Van; Quang T.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Stevens & Showalter, LLP
Thermoset heating compositions for use in alternating magnetic fields include fiber based heating agents which have remarkably and unexpectedly high heating efficiencies. The fibers operate efficiently at lower field intensities; at lower frequencies and with smaller diameters (related to skin depths) than prior art technologies. The fibers may be formed from a variety of ferromagnetic materials, including, for example: iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium and alloys thereof. The preferred materials group is: carbon steel, magnetic stainless steel, nickel, ferromagnetic coated electrically conductive materials, ferromagnetic coated electrically nonconductive materials. The fibers are sized, in accordance with skin effect theory, to heat effectively at a frequency substantially higher that the actual frequency to be utilized. The fibers have lower apparent density and/or smaller diameters and/or higher surface areas and/or substantially higher heating efficiency than powder of the same ferromagnetic composition for operation at a given frequency. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION The above short comings of the prior art are addressed by the present invention which comprises a unique class of high efficiency heating agents for use in alternating magnetic fields, thermoset materials heated thereby and the applications thereof.
This class of high efficiency heating agents consists of fibers, and in particular, ferromagnetic fibers, which have remarkably and unexpectedly high heating efficiencies that were unrecognized and unpredicted by the prior art, the literature or by industry experience.
The fibers operate efficiently at lower field intensities (related to lower coil currents, greater coil coupling distances, longer coils etc.
); at lower frequencies (related to longer coils, solid state generators etc.
); and with smaller diameters (related to skin depths) than the prior art technologies or than would have been predicted.
The high efficiency fibers will make: existing applications faster; previously impractical applications viable; and new applications and the use of new equipment (solid state generators) possible.
While numerous specific embodiments of the invention are disclosed, the heating agent, which is dispersed in, coated upon or otherwise associated with a host material to be heated using the heating agent, may comprise fibers including ferromagnetic material which are sized, in accordance with skin effect theory, to heat effectively at a frequency which is substantially higher that the frequency at which the heating agent can be effectively utilized.
That is, the fibers, which would be expected to heat efficiently only at high frequencies in accordance with skin effect theory, the prior art and industry experience, actually heat efficiently at substantially lower frequencies.
The heating agent may be formed from a variety of materials, for example fibers including ferromagnetic material selected from the group consisting of: iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium and alloys thereof; preferably, the fibers can be selected from the group consisting of: carbon steel fibers, magnetic stainless steel fibers, nickel fibers, ferromagnetic coated electrically conductive fibers, ferromagnetic coated electrically nonconductive fibers
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Finance 
