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 Elecrolyte for a secondary cell

Details
Inventors: Shu, Zhi X.; McMillan, Roderick S.; Murray, John J.;
Assignee: National Research Council of Canada (Ottawa, CA)
Primary Examiner: Nuzzolillo; M.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Bell, Walter & Brousseau

A conventional electrolyte for a secondary cell having a carbonaceous anode is comprised of an alkali metal salt dissolved in an organic electrolyte solvent. Intercalation and de-intercalation during repeated discharge/charge cycles of the secondary cell using a conventional electrolyte solvent causes continual exposure of bare surfaces of the carbonaceous material to the electrolyte, resulting in continual consumption of electrolyte in the formation of new passivation films on the bared or partially covered surfaces, adversely affecting the performance and capacity of the cell. In accordance with the present invention, at least a portion of the organic electrolyte solvent is replaced with a chloroethylene carbonate solvent capable of forming a very stable passivation film. The performance and capacity of the secondary cell is improved substantially by the addition of the halogenated organic solvent to propylene carbonate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electrolyte for a secondary cell having a carbonaceous anode, the electrolyte comprising a halogenated organic solvent capable of forming a stable passivation film on the carbonaceous anode and an alkali metal salt dissolved in the halogenated organic solvent.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a secondary cell, comprising: a source of alkali metal ions; an anode of a carbonaceous material capable of having the alkali metal ions reversibly incorporated therein; a cathode of an electrochemically active material capable of having the alkali metal ions reversibly incorporated therein; and a substantially non-aqueous electrolyte comprised of a halogenated organic solvent capable of forming a stable passivation film on the carbonaceous material of the anode, and a salt of the alkali metal dissolved in the halogenated organic solvent.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided the use of a halogenated organic solvent in a secondary cell having a carbonaceous anode.
It will be understood that the term "incorporating" also encompasses intercalation.


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