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Granular superconducting quantum interference device and apparatus including same
| Details |
Inventors: Deutscher, Siegfried Guy;
Assignee: Ramot University Authority for Applied Research and Industrial (Tel Aviv, IL)
Primary Examiner: Corcoran; Robert J.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Barish; Benjamin J.
Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID's) are described including two superconductor pathways connected together by a narrow bridge of a granular superconductor material having a high normal state electrical resistivity of about 10.sup..sup.-4 to 10.sup..sup.-2 ohm-cm. The latter material is preferably a granular superconductor including superconductor grains having a low normal state electrical resistivity embedded in a matrix of a material having a high normal state electrical resistivity. Also described is the use of such devices in linear applications, such as in a magnetometers, and digital applications, such as switches, flip-flops, and memory cells. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION An object of the present invention is to provide a new form of SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) having advantages in the above respects.
Another object of the invention is to provide measuring apparatus and digital elements, particularly memory cells, including the new SQUID.
According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a superconducting quantum interference device characterized in that it includes two superconductor pathways connected together by a narrow bridge of a granular superconductor material having a high normal state electrical resistivity of about 10.
sup.
-.
sup.
4 to 10.
sup.
-.
sup.
2 ohm-cm.
The invention is particularly useful wherein the granular superconducting material includes superconductor grains of a size in the order of 30A, having a low normal state electrical resistivity, embedded in a matrix of a material having a high normal state electrical resistivity.
Examples of granular superconductors are: Al-Al.
sub.
2 O.
sub.
3, Al-Ge, Sn-Ge, Pb-PbS, Pb-PbO, Al-Si, Pb-PbTe, and Sn-SnTe.
In the normal state, granular superconductors can have a high normal state electrical resistivity, up to about 10.
sup.
-.
sup.
2 ohm-cm.
The critical current density of such granular superconductors is reduced by two to three orders of magnitude (100 to 1000) compared to that of the pure superconductor.
Therefore, the cross-section of the constriction can now be made much larger, about 10.
sup.
-.
sup.
8 cm.
sup.
2.
A typical granular SQUID consists of a constriction of up to about 10.
sup.
-.
sup.
5 cm.
in thickness and 5.
10.
sup.
-.
sup.
3 cm in width.
Granular superconducting weak links or SQUIDS in accordance with the present invention are simple to manufacture, have practically an infinite life time, and resist thermal cycling very well.
They can replace Josephson junctions and the conventional superconducting weak links, including the proximity effect or Notary's bridge, in their various applications, including linear applications (e.
g.
, magnetometers), and digital applications (e
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