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| Alterations in the long QT syndrome genes KVLQT1 and SCN5A and methods for detecting same |
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| Method for forming image |
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| WF11243 substance |
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| Electrophoretic method for the isolation and separation of microorganisms and cell populations |
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| Human antithrombin III |
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Plant ubiquitin promoter system
| Details |
Inventors: Quail, Peter H.; Christensen, Alan H.; Hershey, Howard P.; Sharrock, Robert A.; Sullivan, Thomas D.;
Assignee: Mycogen Plant Science, Inc. (San Diego, CA)
Primary Examiner: Smith; Lynette R. F.
Assistant Examiner: Haas; Thomas
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Saliwanchik, Lloyd & Saliwanchik
A DNA segment from the upstream untranscribed region of a maize ubiquitin gene is disclosed. This ubiquitin promoter region, which comprises heat shock consensus elements, initiates and regulates the transcription of genes placed under its control. Recombinant DNA molecules are also described in which a ubiquitin promoter is combined with a plant expressible structural gene for regulated expression of the structral gene and for regulated control of expression when stressed with clevated temperatures. Such recombinant DNA molecules are introduced into plant tissue so that the promoter/stuctural gene combination is expressed. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The following definitions are provided in order to remove ambiguities as to the intent or scope of their usage in the specification and claims.
Expression refers to the transcription and/or translation of a structural gene.
Promoter refers to the nucleotide sequences at the 5' end of a structural gene which direct the initiation of transcription.
Promoter sequences are necessary, but not always sufficient, to drive the expression of a downstream gene.
In general, eukaryotic promoters include a characteristic DNA sequence homologous to the consensus 5'-TATAAT-3' (TATA) box about 10-30 bp 5' to the transcription start (cap) site, which, by convention, is numbered +1.
Bases 3' to the cap site are given positive numbers, whereas bases 5' to the cap site receive negative numbers, reflecting their distance from the cap site.
Another promoter component, the CAAT box, is often found about 30 to 70 bp 5' to the TATA box and has homology to the canonical form 5'-CCAAT-3' (R.
Breathnach and P.
Chambon (1981) Ann.
Rev.
Biochem.
50:349-383).
In plants the CAAT box is sometimes replaced by a sequence known as the AGGA box, a region having adenine residues symmetrically flanking the triplet G(orT)NG (J.
Messing et al.
(1983), in Genetic Engineering of Plants, T.
Kosuge, C.
Meredith and A.
Hollaender (eds.
), Plenum Press, pp.
211-227).
Other sequences conferring regulatory influences on transcription can be found within the promoter region and extending as far as 1000 bp or more 5' from the cap site.
Regulatory Control refers to the modulation of gene expression induced by DNA sequence elements located primarily, but not exclusively, upstream of (5' to) the transcription start site.
Regulation may result in an all-or-nothing response to environmental stimuli, or it may result in variations in the level of gene expression.
In this invention, the heat shock regulatory elements function to enhance transiently the level of downstream gene expression in response to sudden temperature elevation
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Gene Therapy 
