Building for containing human occupants in an adverse arctic or antarctic environment and structures for containing and protecting occupants in an adverse environment

DETAILED DESCRIPTION The invention teaches a building for containing human occupants in an adverse Arctic or Antarctic environment, said building comprising: at least one covering element to provide at least one roof portion, at least one wall portion, and at least one floor portion, to provide an interior space to contain and protect occupants from an adverse environment about the building; the at least one covering element being configured to provided protection to occupants in an adverse Arctic or Antarctic environment; an opening to permit occupants to ingress into and egress from the building; an apparatus to close the opening from the outside environment; a window comprising a frame and at least one pane disposed in the frame; the window being configured to protect occupants from an adverse Arctic or Antarctic environment; the at least one pane comprising at least one outer pane disposed to contact the adverse environment about the building and at least one inner pane disposed toward the interior space of the building; the at least one outer pane comprising an outer surface disposed to contact the adverse environment and an inner surface facing toward the at least one inner pane; the pane exposed to the environment about the building comprising a transparent glass material; the glass material having a coefficient of thermal expansion that is minimized such that the glass material of the at least one outer pane is configured to withstand extreme temperature gradients from the outer surface to the inner surface of the at least one outer pane; at least the outer surface of the at least one outer pane being configured to have a surface roughness which is minimized, thus providing a view through the at least one pane having a distortion which is minimized and providing an easy-to-clean outer surface; the glass material being substantially free of pits and pores on at least the outer and the inner surfaces; insulation being configured to protect occupants from adverse temperature conditions from an Arctic or Antarctic environment about the building; the insulation being disposed with the at least one covering element to provide protection for occupants from adverse temperature conditions about the building; and a heating apparatus to provide heat to the space provided by the at least one covering element, the window, and the insulation in an adverse Arctic or Antarctic environment