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Use of calcium halide-water as a heat extraction medium for energy recovery from hot rock systems
| Details |
Inventors: Rex, Robert W.;
Assignee:
Primary Examiner: Ostrager; Allen M.
Assistant Examiner: Husar; Stephen F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Kenyon & Kenyon, Reilly, Carr & Chapin
In order to extract energy in a matter more efficient than is presently known to the art, from hot dry rock geothermal systems, a mixture of water and calcium chloride is used. The fluid mixture is injected into a formation and forced through the formation with simultaneous extraction of heat from the energy recovery or heat extraction surrounding rocks. The fluid and a larger fraction of its contained energy are then recovered than can presently be recovered by technology known to the art. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the present invention, in a hot rock geothermal system, for example, a system such as that shown in the aforementioned U.
S.
Pat.
No.
3,817,038, a mixture of water and calcium chloride and/or calcium bromide is used as the heat extraction or energy recovery fluid.
Such a system is shown in basic block diagram form on the FIGURE.
Shown is a closed loop system containing the heat extraction fluid of the present invention.
Fluid is initially supplied to the system and made up over a line 11.
The line 11 connects with a line 13 which is the input to an injection well 15.
The injection well is drilled down to the depth of the hot rock system and is collected in a production well 19.
The output from the production well 19, which will be the fluid heated by the hot dry rock system 17, flows in a line 21 to a steam turbine 23 where it is expanded.
The turbine is used to drive a driven member 25 such as a generator.
The working fluid from the steam turbine, in the form of a vapor is exhausted over a line 25 to a condenser 27 where it is brought back into the liquid state.
This liquid then flows through a line 29 to a pump 31 which pumps it back into the injection well 15.
As noted above, the use of a closed loop with a condenser conserves the working fluid.
Whatever losses are encountered can be made up by supplying make up fluid over the line 11.
Preferably, this mixture also has added to it acetone.
Calcium chloride is added in an amount to raise the specific gravity of the heat extraction fluid supplied into the well, for example, in an injection well, to 1.
4 to 1.
5 at a temperature of approximately 20.
degree.
C.
After injection into the well, due to a subsequent heating which takes place in the hot rock system, the specific gravity is reduced to 1.
0 or slightly less depending on the amounts of the various materials present.
This then results in a pressure gradient which aids in circulation of the heat extraction fluid through the well.
Acetone will normally constitute 10 to 20% by weight of the heat extraction fluid
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