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Single-optical-fiber-directional-coupler

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Single optical fiber directional coupler

Details

Inventors: Pan, Jing-Jong;
Assignee: Harris Communications (Cleveland, OH)
Primary Examiner: Corbin; John K.
Assistant Examiner: Lee; John D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Watson, Cole, Grindle & Watson

A coupler for transferring signals from a first group of single optical fibers to a second group of single optical fibers. The coupler provided for this purpose is a directional star coupler which is constructed so as to eliminate any need for the employment of a mixing chamber. A covering, or cladding, generally covers each optical fiber in order to prevent light from being emitted through the circumferential surface of such fiber. At an end portion of each of the fibers of both the first and second groups, the cladding is treated so as to allow light to be emitted from the circumferential surface of such portion. The end portions of the fibers of the first group are fed through an opening at one side of a coupling chamber. The end portions of the fibers of the second group are fed through another opening within the coupling chamber. The first and second groups of fibers are arranged within the chamber so that their end faces are in abutment with each other. In this manner, signals transmitted along any of the fibers of the first group are transferred to all of the fibers of the second group.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION An object of the present invention is to provide an optical fiber directional coupler that overcomes the disadvantages of previous Tee couplers and star couplers as discussed above.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an optical fiber directional star coupler exhibiting low insertion loss.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an optical fiber directional star coupler exhibiting a high degree of directivity.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a single optical fiber directional star coupler which is relatively small, light weight and inexpensive to fabricate.
Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a single fiber directional star coupler which provides for even power distribution among the various fibers to which signals are transmitted via the coupler.
In order to achieve these objectives, a star coupler for coupling information between single optical fibers is constructed in accordance with the present invention.
A first group of single optical fibers with each having an end portion free of any cladding are arranged in a group with one of the fibers being located at the center and the other fibers of this group surrounding such centrally arranged fiber.
A second group of single optical fibers with each having an end portion free of any cladding are similarly arranged with one fiber serving as a center fiber and the other fibers of the second group surrounding such centrally arranged fiber.
The second group of fibers are then arranged with their end faces sufficiently close to the end faces of the fibers of the first group so that signals emitted from the end faces of the fibers of the first group pass directly into corresponding fibers of the second group.
The uncladded portion of both the first group of fibers and the second group of fibers are inserted into a coupling chamber and are arranged in the desired relationship.
In this manner, when a signal is being transmitted along any one of the fibers of the first group and directly transferred into a corresponding fiber of the second group, the signals are simultaneously transferred to the other adjacent fibers through the uncladded portions of the fibers

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