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| Biphenyl esters and liquid crystalline mixtures comprising them |
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| Optical phase filter using liquid crystal |
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Image enhancement method and apparatus
| Details |
Inventors: Schwartz, Jacob;
Assignee: Sanders Associates, Inc. (South Nashua, NH)
Primary Examiner: Britton; Howard W.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Etlinger; Louis, Tendler; Robert K.
Combined optical and electronic apparatus provide for various types of image enhancement by producing two images of the same scene which differ by a predetermined property, and by electronically subtracting the images to yield a video difference signal which emphasizes or deemphasizes a predetermined characteristic of the scene at which the apparatus is pointed. Various types of image enhancement are obtained by simultaneous scanning of the images produced by two imaging systems in which a relative difference in properties between the images such as deliberate misalignment, optical density difference, image resolution, image magnification or image receptor displacement is introduced to create a particular type of enhancement. The intensities from pairs of scanned spots are subtracted on a point-by-point basis to yield a video difference signal which when displayed provides an image enhanced in a particular manner. Property differences are in general introduced in the aperture plane, at the optics or in the image plane. The subject system can be arranged for edge enhancement, size discrimination, emphasis of lines in a predetermined direction, peripheral image enhancement, and central image or boresite enhancement. This system is particularly useful in clutter rejection for TV-based target tracking systems. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring now to FIG.
1 in one embodiment arranged for edge enhancement and size discrimination the subject invention includes a two barrel imaging system diagramatically illustrated by optical elements 10 and 12.
These optical elements are focused at infinity and are arranged with parallel axes 14 and 16.
An image 18, illustrated as a point on an object plane 20 is focused by optical elements 10 and 12 to a single focal plane 22.
In this embodiment the optical systems represented by optical elements 10 and 12 are identical.
For purposes of discussion the image produced by optical element 10 will be said to be formed in a first optical channel while the image formed by optical element 12 will be said to be formed in a second optical channel.
With respect to the first optical channel, an image receptor 24, which may be of any of a wide variety of image receptors, is located in focal plane 22.
Locations on the receptor are labelled i and j which designates a location in orthogonal coordinates with the origin of the coordinates being axis 14, the optical axis of the first channel.
"a.
sub.
ij " is the signal due to the image associated with this location or address.
The image receptor for the second channel is indicated by reference character 26 and is offset from the focal plane by a focus offset 28.
Receptor 26 therefore lies in a plane parallel to the focal plane and is offset by a given distance.
Images on receptor 26 are indicated by b.
sub.
ij where the ij location is in orthogonal coordinates, with the origin of the orthogonal system being axis 16, the optical axis of the second channel.
The locations are designated such that the distances measured from each of the origins are in the same units.
Thus, an image a.
sub.
ij in the first channel corresponds to an image b.
sub.
ij in the second channel for objects sufficiently far away from the subject apparatus (e.
g.
parallax is minimal).
The receptors for each channel are read out in one embodiment by conventional scanning devices 30 and 32 in a twin scan mode which refers to the simultaneous readout of the receptors in each channel at corresponding points or locations
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