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 Optical wavefront sensing system

Details
Inventors: Feinleib, Julius M.; Bowker, John K.; Schmutz, Lawrence E.; Tubbs, Steven J.; Shao, Michael;
Assignee: Adaptive Optics Associates, Inc. (Cambridge, MA)
Primary Examiner: Rosenberger; R. A.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hamilton, Brook, Smith and Reynolds

An improved light waveform image sensing system is described. The image wavefront is focused on an image divider and divided into "n"-segments ("n">1) whereupon the "n"-segements are focused on "n"-detector arrays and detected by "S"-detectors ("S">>1) in the "n"-detector arrays. The "S"-detectors may comprise any of the well-known photosensitive elements. A particular useful detector is an electron-beam mode device described in detail herein. The detected signals are combined to produce an electrical signal proportional to the tilt in the wavefront which signal may be used to deform a deformable mirror thereby correcting the image.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION We claim: 1.
Wavefront distortion sensing apparatus comprising: (a) focusing means for focusing a first wavefront beam of energy onto a beam divider means; (b) nutating means for nutating said first beam in a predetermined manner; (c) beam divider means located at the focal point of said focusing means, said beam divider means forming "n"-separate beams corresponding to said first beam, where "n" is a number greater than 1; (d) "n"-detector arrays each of which is associated with one of said "n"-separate beams such that energy from each "n"-separate beams impinges on one of each "n"-detector arrays; and (e) "S" detector elements in each array for detecting the amount and distribution of the beam energy at "S" points in the wavefront of energy impinging on each array and wherein "S" is greater than one.
2.
The apparatus of claim 1 in which the beam divider means is an "n"-faceted prism.
3.
The apparatus of claim 2 in which "n" is at least 4.
4.
The apparatus of claim 1 in which the beam divider means is a mask having alternate reflective and transparent surfaces.
5.
The apparatus of claim 2 in which the reflectivity and transparency of the surfaces may be varied.
6.
The apparatus of claim 4 in which "n" is at least 2.
7.
The apparatus of claim 1 in which the nutation of the first beam causes a sinusoidal output signal from the detector elements.
8.
The apparatus of claim 7 in which a reference beam is combined with the first beam.
9.
The apparatus of claim 8 in which the energy detected at the detector elements is combined in accordance with a predetermined formula and is used to correct distortions in the first beam.
10.
The apparatus of claim 8 in which the energy detected from the reference by the detector elements is used to stabilize the optical beam path.
11.
The apparatus of claim 7 in which the signal generated by nutation is combined with a signal obtained by averaging the detector output signals thereby producing a composite indication of object displacement


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