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| Self-operating chemical feeder for an oil well |
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| Corrosion and scale inhibitors for industrial recirculating cooling water systems |
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Process for secondary recovery
| Details |
Inventors: Hunter, Walter D.;
Assignee: Texaco Development Corp. (White Plains, NY)
Primary Examiner: Guynn; Herbert B.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Park; Jack H., Hunter; Walter D., Morgan; Richard A.
Hydrocarbons are recovered from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation penetrated by an injection well and a production well by displacing hydrocarbons toward the production well using a drive fluid such as water thickened with a copolymer of acrylamide and vinyl sulfonic acid or salts thereof or with a copolymer of acrylamide and styrene sulfonic acid or salts thereof as well as these same copolymers alkoxylated with an alkylene oxide. Optionally, the drive fluid can be saturated with carbon dioxide, nitrogen, natural gas or mixtures of these gases. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Prior to practicing the process of this invention it is sometimes desirable to open up a communication path through the formation by a hydraulic fracturing operation.
Hydraulic fracturing is a well-known technique for establishing a communication path between an injection well and a production well.
Fracturing is usually accomplished by forcing a liquid such as water, oil or any other suitable hydrocarbon fraction into the formation at pressure of from about 300 to about 3000 psig which are sufficient to rupture the formation and to open up channels therein.
By use of this method it is possible to position the fracture at any desired vertical location with respect to the bottom of the oil-filled zone.
It is not essential that the fracture planes be horizontally oriented, although it is, of course, preferably that they be.
After the fracture has been established, and without diminishing the fracture pressure, a propping agent may be injected into the fraction in order to prevent healing of the fracture which would destroy its usefulness for fluid flow communication purposes.
Gravel, metal shot, glass beads, sand, etc.
and mixtures thereof are generally employed as propping agents.
When sand is utilized as the propping agent particles having a Tyler mesh size of from about 8 to about 40 are preferred (i.
e.
, from about 0.
016 to about 0.
093 inches).
The copolymers of acrylamide and vinyl sulfonic acid (Polymer A) employed in this invention comprise recurring E-type units of the formula: ##STR1## and recurring F-type units of the formula: ##STR2## wherein M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium, potassium and ammonium and wherein in the said copolymer the weight percent of the E-type units ranges from about 65 to about 95 with the balance being F-type units.
Generally, the number average molecular weight of the acrylamide-vinyl sulfonic acid copolymers will range from about 10,000 to about 5,000,000 or more.
The copolymers of acrylamide-vinyl sulfonic acid and salts thereof are known materials which can be prepared by the usual vinyl compound polymerization methods
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LCD 
