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| Fluorescent polymeric pigments |
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Illumination system having an aspherical lens
| Details |
Inventors: Gleckman, Philip;
Assignee: NiOptics Corporation (Evanston, IL)
Primary Examiner: Arnold; Bruce Y.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Reinhart, Boerner, VanDeuren, Norris & Rieselbach
A lens system containing an aspherical portion enabling minimization of spherical aberration as well as the lens length. The lens system includes a conical lens portion providing total internal reflection of light within the lens system and an integrally attached aspherical lens portion. For light rays within a defined angular range of less than about .+-.24.degree., the light rays are focused on the exit aperture (for a concentrator) at a minimum lens length, l. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A lens system constructed in accordance with the invention is shown generally at 10 in the figures.
In particular, in FIG.
1A is shown the lens system 10 comprising a conical lens portion 12 which typically has a reflective layer (such as, a solid/air boundary) 14 for providing total internal light reflection for light which has entered the lens system 10.
For purposes of illustrating the features of the invention, light rays 16 are shown entering an aspherical containing lens Portion 18 (hereinafter, "aspherical portion 18") with the lens system operated as a concentrator lens.
The features of the invention, including the method of operation as a collimator lens system 10, are also made apparent by the description provided herein.
In the lens system 10 the conical lens portion 12 has an associated index of refraction, "n".
The lens portion 12 is a total internal reflection cone, or can also be a metallic reflecting cone, which is integrally coupled to the aspherical portion 18.
The lens system 10 has a central longitudinal optical axis 20.
The conical lens portion 12 has an entrance aperture 22 of radius, r, and an exit aperture 24 of radius r'.
The aspherical portion 18 has a surface shape causing the light rays 16 incident thereon at an angle .
theta.
(less than about .
+-.
24.
degree.
) to the central longitudinal optical axis 20 to be imaged after reflection on the exit aperture 24 at a minimum distance, l (length of the conical lens portion 12), in accordance with the expression: l=(r+r')/(tan .
theta.
') (1) rsin.
theta.
=(r'sin .
theta.
'')(n) .
theta.
''=output angle in medium ##EQU1## n=index of refraction described above In addition to the lens system 10 meeting the conditions of these equations, adjacent edge rays 26 and 28 (see FIG.
1B) must define ray intercepts 30 and 32, respectively, at the exit aperture 24 such that the derivative of the ray intercepts 30 and 32 is a positive value (see FIG.
1C at the circled region 34 indicating the particular intercepts and the positive slope of the intercept plot)
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Lighting 
