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Wide angle binocular system with variable power capability
| Details |
Inventors: Betensky, Ellis I.;
Assignee: BenOpcon, Inc. (Cincinnati, OH)
Primary Examiner: Nguyen; Tan T.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Klee; Maurice M.
Binoculars designed to provide a large aided static field of view are provided. The binoculars are characterized by S/D ratios of above 2.8, where S is the binoculars' aided static field of view calculated by multiplying the binoculars' magnifying power by the binoculars' semi field of view in object space and D is given by tan.sup.-1 [(R.sub.ex +1.5)/13], where R.sub.ex is the radius of the binoculars exit pupil the following expression in which R.sub.ex and the constants 1.5 and 13 are in milliliters. As a result of the increased S/D ratio, the binoculars of the invention minimize the sensation of tunnel vision which normally occurs when binoculars are used and reduce the user's apprehension of missing activities in his or her peripheral vision. In certain embodiments, a movable field lens unit is employed to provide variable power and a negative corrector lens unit is employed for aberration correction and to minimize the size of the binoculars. The binoculars are suitable for mass production and general consumer use. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention takes a completely different approach from the prior art.
Specifically, rather than designing binoculars based only on the eye's aided dynamic field of view, the binoculars of the present invention are designed based on both the eye's aided dynamic field of view and its aided static field of view.
More particularly, in accordance with the invention, it has been determined that the eye's aided dynamic field of view is not the critical field of view in terms of designing binoculars which can be moved relative to the object, i.
e.
, in designing a movable system, supra.
For binoculars, the user can readily, and prefers to, move the combination of his or her head and the binoculars to follow an object rather than trying to move the binoculars relative to the eyes.
This approach is 1) easier since it does not upset the alignment of the binoculars with the eye, 2) does not require reaccommodation of the eye due to uncorrected field curvature, and 3) does not lead to erroneous changes in focus if reaccommodation is not sufficient.
By emphasizing the eye's aided static field of view, a user of the binoculars of the present invention can employ substantially more of his or her peripheral vision to detect a change in the object scene.
Also, by this emphasis, the user has less of a sensation of tunnel vision.
These effects make it much easier for people to use the binoculars of the invention over long periods of time which is clearly desirable.
Quantitatively, the enhancement of the aided static field of view relative to the aided dynamic field view is expressed herein in terms of the binoculars' "S/D" ratio.
The definition and derivation of this ratio is shown in FIGS.
5 through 8.
FIG.
5 shows a human eye 15 aligned with the central axis of stylized binoculars 13.
See also FIG.
7.
The binoculars have an exit pupil 16 of radius R.
sub.
ex, and the human eye has a center of rotation 19 and an entrance pupil 17 of radius R.
sub.
ep the radial distance between the center of rotation and the entrance pupil being R
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Lighting 
