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Apparatus for treatment of tumors
| Details |
Inventors: Dougherty, Thomas J.; Potter, William R.; Weishaupt, Kenneth R.;
Assignee: Health Research, Inc. (Buffalo, NY)
Primary Examiner: Cohen; Lee S.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Irell & Manella
To provide to and receive radiation from a photodynamic drug in neoplastic tissue, a laser system transmits radiation through an interface into a radiation delivery system, which is in juxtaposition with neoplastic tissue containing a photodynamic drug. The laser system may be a single argon laser pumping a dye laser, two parallel sets of argon lasers pumping a dye laser, a krypton laser or a xenon laser. In addition to transmitting radiation from the laser to the delivery system, the interface system may: (1) direct a portion of the light back to the laser's power supply to control the intensity of the radiation emitted from the laser; and/or (2) receive light from the light conductors of the delivery system. The interface channels light to radiation sensing devices which are either from a beam splitter indicating the magnitude of the radiation delivered from the laser system to the radiation delivery system or radiation leaking through the light conductor. Luminescent light from the photodynamic drug is selected and provides an indication of drug density and in some embodiments depth of the activity. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION General Description of the Drug Each of the drugs may be classified into one of two classes, which are: (1) each molecule of the drug aggregates in water to aggregates having a combined molecular weight of above 10,000; or (2) units of the drug are encapsulated in a liposome and molecules include at least one such photosensitizing chemical group.
The aggregates in the former class are sufficiently large and have characteristics which cause them to be removed by the lymphatic system so as to be excluded from most normal tissue and usually to enter and be retained by undesirable tissue, such as tumors.
Because of the absence of a lymphatic system, the drug is not removed effectively from the tumors.
The drugs of this invention bind within the cells to plasma membrane, nuclear membrane, mitochondria, and lysosomes.
While it may enter some normal tissue, generally there is a sufficient difference in the rates of accumulation and removal between normal and undesirable tissue to provide selected conditions which permit treatment of undesirable tissue without excessive damage to normal tissue.
The form of drugs which aggregate must be sufficiently lipophlic to dissociate in lipids so that the aggregate is broken up within the tumor into a form which: (1) readily absorbs light within the light spectrum of 350 to 1,200 nm in wavelength; and (2) causes photodynamic effects.
Thus, the drug is soluble in water to form large aggregates in aqueous suspension but sufficiently lipophilic to dissociate in neoplastic tissue.
At least one porphyrin utilized in the past by therapists as part of Lipson's reagent without knowing that it existed therein, has the necessary characteristics but in the prior art was utilized in a mixture of porphyrins which had deleterious side effects.
It was not known that the substance was effective agent in Lipson's reagent or that it existed therein because of its resistance to separation by liquid chromatography.
Reduced side effects are obtained from such a mixture of porphyrins when the mixture includes more than 50% of the drug and preferably 90% or more by weight of the porphyrins should be the drug or a drug having similr characteristics
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Liquid Purification 
