 Acyl and ester derivatives of 1,3-diazabicyclo[3,3,0]octane |
| What is claimed is: 1. An optically active or racemic compound represented by the general formula (1... |
|
| Water purification system |
| OF THE INVENTION It is of paramount importance in various sections of the world at the present ... |
|
| High performance solar still |
| What is claimed is: 1. A high performance solar distillation apparatus for vaporization and ... |
|
| Process for distilling water and distillation apparatus |
| It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for distilling water in a high heat ... |
|
| Solar apparatus and process |
| What is claimed is: 1. Solar apparatus for producing alcohol including a frame portion, a heating ... |
|
| Automated solar still |
| I claim: 1. An automated solar still having a temperature sensitive valve incorporated within a ... |
|
| Solar distillation device |
| I claim: 1. A distillation plant for distilling liquids, the distillation plant comprising: a ... |
|
| Plastic covered solar still |
| The invention is directed to a light weight, solar still comprised of at least one upwardly open, ... |
|
| Process and apparatus for the production of fresh water using solar energy |
| I claim: 1. In a process for the production of fresh water from water containing impurities using ... |
|
| Apparatus for recovering fresh water and apparatus for concentrating liquid |
| It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for recovering fresh water at a ... |
|
|
Catalysis for the production of maleic anhydride containing vanadium-phosphorus oxide with selected promoter elements
| Details |
Inventors: Andrews, William J.; Ebner, Jerry R.; Felthouse, Timothy R.;
Assignee: Huntsman Specialty Chemicals Corporation (Salt Lake City, UT)
Primary Examiner: Konopka; Paul E.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Huttner; Constance S., Sommer; Evelyn M., Scott; Walter
A phosphorus vanadium oxide catalyst for the oxidation of a C.sub.4 hydrocarbon. The catalyst comprises a shaped body having a volume, or a fixed bed comprising shaped bodies having an average volume, of at least about 0.02 cc, and contains a promoter selected from among Bi, Sb, Ge, Ti, Zr, La, Ce, Ni, Zn, U, Sn, Si or mixtures thereof. The promoter is present in a proportion that enables the catalyst to have a developed surface area of at least about 28 m.sup.2 /g, and to exhibit a weight/area productivity of at least about 3.5 mg maleic anhydride/m.sup.2 -hr and/or a weight/weight productivity of at least about 100 g maleic anhydride/kg.cat.-hr. when contacted with a gas containing 2.4% by volume n-butane in air, at a gas flow volume to catalyst weight ratio of 2180 cc/g-min., under a pressure of 1.055.times.10.sup.2 -kPa-G, and at a temperature sufficient to maintain a hydrocarbon conversion of 85 mole percent. Methods for the preparation of the catalyst include activation by ANST. |
|
DETAILED DESCRIPTION What is claimed is: 1.
An active, phosphorus vanadium oxide catalyst for the conversion to maleic anhydride of a non-aromatic hydrocarbon having at least four carbon atoms in a straight chain, said catalyst comprising a shaped body having a volume of at least about 0.
02 cc, and having been equilibrated to provide a developed surface area of at least about 28 m.
sup.
2 /g, said catalyst containing a promoter selected from the group consisting of bismuth, antimony, germanium, titanium, zirconium, cerium, lanthanum, uranium, nickel, zinc, tin, silicon, and mixtures thereof, in such a proportion as to enable the catalyst to have said developed surface area and to exhibit a weight/area productivity of at least about 3.
5 mg maleic anhydride/m.
sup.
2 -hr and/or a weight/weight productivity of at least about 100 g maleic anhydride/kg.
cat.
-hr.
when contacted with a gas containing 2.
4% by volume n-butane in air, at a gas flow volume to catalyst weight ratio of 2180 cc/g-min.
under a pressure of 1.
055.
times.
10.
sup.
2 -kPa-G, and at a temperature sufficient to maintain a hydrocarbon conversion of 85 mole percent.
2.
A catalyst as set forth in claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of said promoter to vanadium is between about 0.
005 and about 0.
04.
3.
A catalyst as set forth in claim 2 wherein the molar ratio of said promoter to vanadium is between about 0.
007 and about 0.
02.
4.
A catalyst as set forth in claim 3 wherein the molar ratio of the sum of all promoter elements to vanadium is not greater than about 0.
04.
5.
A catalyst as set forth in claim 1 wherein said promoter is selected from the group consisting of zirconium and bismuth.
6.
A catalyst as set forth in claim 5 containing a bismuth promoter in a ratio of between about 0.
007 and about 0.
015 moles/mole vanadium.
7.
A catalyst as set forth in claim 1 wherein said promoter is selected from the group consisting of nickel, zinc, lanthanum, cerium, and tin.
8.
A catalyst as set forth in claim 1 wherein said promoter is selected from the group consisting of antimony, germanium, titanium, uranium, and silicon
|
|
Liquid Purification 
