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| Antihypertensive 4-aminoquinolines |
| I claim: 1. A compound of the formula II ##STR15## wherein X is chloro or trifluoromethyl; wherein R... |
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| Chlorine-resistant semipermeable membranes |
| OF THE INVENTION As hereinbefore set forth, the present invention is concerned with semipermeable ... |
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| Interfacially synthesized reverse osmosis membranes and processes for preparing the same |
| OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The membranes of the present invention may be formed by various methods ... |
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| Method and apparatus for bioremediation of mixed hazardous wastes |
| OF THE INVENTION Reference is now made to FIG. 1 which is a highly schematic block diagram ... |
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Contaminant remediation, biodegradation and volatilization methods and apparatuses
| Details |
Inventors: Billings, Jeffery F.; Billings, Gale K.;
Assignee: Environmental Improvement Technologies, Inc. (Albuquerque, NM)
Primary Examiner: Ricci; John A.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Peacock; Deborah A., Baker; Rod D., Myers; Jeffrey D.
Methods and apparatuses for removing contaminants. At least one injection well is drilled through the vadose zone to a depth below the water table defining the upper boundary of the aquifer. A plurality of venting wells or venting laterals are established to a depth above the water table sufficient to discourage fouling by contaminated water or condensate, and oxygenated substances are injected under pressure through the injection wells. Additional biochemical cleansing may occur at ground level prior to venting of contaminated air. Microbes natural to the contaminated site may be extracted, analyzed, fermented, and reintroduced to enhance biodegradation, and nutrients, food, or both, may be supplied to the microbial population to sustain high levels of degradation activity. Relatively pure liquid contaminant may be separated from other fluids, such as water. Modes of enhancing the lateral dispersion of injected substances are disclosed, for example, hingedly connected radially extendible injection tubes which expand the radius of injection. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION (DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION) The present invention comprises in situ methods and apparatuses for removal of contaminants from soil or from ground water, or both.
The first method and apparatus comprises establishing in situ at least one venting well having gas-permeable openings at an upper portion thereof, whereby volatile contaminants in the ground water or soil are removed through the venting well.
In the preferred embodiment, at least one injection well is established in situ and an oxygen-containing substance, such as a gas or fluid, is injected into the injection well.
Optionally, a vacuum is applied to the venting well.
Preferably, the venting well and the injection well are within two hundred feet of one another and make up a well nest.
The injection well, depending on site stratigraphy, is preferably within ten feet of the venting well and may be adjacent the venting well within a same bore hole.
Preferably, the oxygen-containing gas is heated by solar heating, the venting well comprises a condensate drain at a lower end thereof, and microorganisms and nutrients, food, or both, are provided to a subsurface contaminated zone.
The invention may additionally comprise sampling soil or water, isolating at least one microorganism useful in biodegrading the contaminants, fermenting the isolated microorganisms to increase their population, and inserting the fermented microorganisms into the subsurface.
The invention may also comprise providing an elongated tube reservoir capped at one end (preferably to the bore hole of a venting well, an injection well, or both), providing entry ports in the elongated tube reservoir, surrounding the entry ports with filtration means, and collecting contaminants in the elongated tube reservoir by passage thereof through the filtration means.
The invention may further comprise impregnating water with microorganisms useful in biodegradation of the contaminant, confining the impregnated water to one or more containers, and bubbling contaminants from the venting well through the impregnated water within the containers
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