 Method for removal of monovalent ions from ZnSO.sub.4 electrolyte by electrodialysis |
| We claim: 1. A method for the purification of zinc sulfate electrolyte containing concentrations of ... |
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| Method of producing acids and alkalis |
| In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have conducted keen study and ... |
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| Multiple capillary biochemical analyzer with barrier member |
| OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Reference is first made to FIGS. 1 and 2, which show an analyzer 20 for ... |
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| Blood and tissue detoxification apparatus |
| FIG. 1 shows schematically, partly in section and partly in plan view, an implantable cell in ... |
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| Process and apparatus for the quantitative determination of cations or anions by ion chromatography |
| OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The invention consists of a procedure and an apparatus as follows: ... |
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| Method for balancing background conductivity for ion chromatography |
| In accordance with the invention, a method has been provided for balancing the background ... |
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| Apparatus for chromatographic analysis of ionic species |
| It is, therefore, an object of the invention to provide an apparatus and method for the ion ... |
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| Electodeionization apparatus and method |
| The present invention provides a method and apparatus capable of continuously producing water of up ... |
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| Separation of protein antigens of Bordetella bacteria by affinity chromatography |
| What is claimed is: 1. A process for purifying protein antigens of bacteria of the Bordetella genus ... |
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| Novel assembly |
| The invention comprises an assembly for the collection, separation and isolation of serum or plasma ... |
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Foam flotation activated sludge process
| Details |
Inventors: Zajic, James E.; Hill, Martha A.; Manchester, Donald F.; Muzika, Karel;
Assignee: Abitibi Paper Company Ltd. (Toronto, CA)
Primary Examiner: Wyse; Thomas G.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Stevens, Davis, Miller & Mosher
The specification discloses making a mixed fungal (yeast and yeast-like) system culture adapted to biodegradation of spent sulfite liquor (SSL) comprising the steps of exposing a mixed culture system (being a sludge from a sewage treatment plant) to increasing concentration of SSL until the fungus becomes acclimatized to SSL of the desired concentration. The resulting biotic population comprises a fungal mixture, of yeast and yeast-like cultures. It was based on an autolytic culture system: Phialophora jeanselmei, Phialophora richardsiae, Hyalodendron liqnicola, Trichosporon infestans and Candida tropicalis. A method and apparatus are disclosed for biodegrading both the soluble substrates in a spent sulfite liquor and the biological solids produced therefrom by a potentially autolytic culture system. The method comprises the steps of adding a nutrient medium, adjusting the pH to mildly acid or neutral condition, feeding the mixture to a fungal culture inoculated fermentor with agitation and with aeration, resulting in foaming of the mixture, said foam carrying with it the fungi and sludge resulting from the fermentation, the suspended solids content of the foam when collapsed being generally not more than half the suspended solids content of the fermentor broth, said foam being processed so as to separate the components into a sludge and a clarified effluent, said sludge being recycled to the fermentor vessel and the clarified effluent prepared for discharge or additional processing. Under optimum operating conditions as much as 85 to 90% BOD removal from spent sulfite liquor is accomplished. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION We claim: 1.
A method of biodegrading a spent sulfite liquor having a dissolved solids content of 6 to 14% by an autolytic mixed fungal (yeast and yeast-like) system, consisting essentially of the steps of (a) feeding said liquor to a mixed fungal (yeast and yeast-like) inoculated fermentor with agitation and with aeration, resulting in foaming of the mixture, said foam carrying with its fungus and sludge resulting from the fermentation, the suspended solids content of the foam when collapsed being lower than the suspended solids content of the fermentor broth, (b) undertaking material transfer only by conducting said foam to a means for separation into a sludge and a clarified effluent, (c) separating said foam into a sludge and a clarified effluent, and (d) recycling at least a portion of the separated sludge to step (a).
2.
A method as in claim 1 wherein the dissolved solids content of the spent sulfite liquor is 8 to 10%.
3.
A method as in claim 1 wherein the suspended solids content of the foam is not more than half that of the fermentor broth.
4.
A method as in claim 1 wherein the suspended solids content of the foam is about 1/3 of that of the fermentor broth.
5.
A method as in claim 1 wherein the suspended solids content of the foam is 1/4 to 1/3 that of the fermentor broth.
6.
A method as in claim 1 comprising adding nutrient material for the fungi to the spent sulfite liquor.
7.
A method as in claim 6, wherein said nutrient medium includes added material selected from the group consisting of ammonia and phosphates.
8.
A method as in claim 1 comprising adjusting the pH of spent sulfite liquor to a mildly acid or neutral pH.
9.
A method as in claim 1 wherein the recycling of sludge to the fermentor tank is controlled where necessary to maintain the suspended solids in the fermentor vessel at not greater than 60,000 parts per million.
10.
A method as in claim 1 wherein all of the settled sludge is recycled to the fermentor tank.
11.
A method as in claim 1 wherein the degree of recycling and the rate of feeding of fresh liquor are held at a level at which constant autolysis may be maintained
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Liquid Purification 
