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Two-stage oil shale retorting process and disposal of spent oil shale
| Details |
Inventors: Tassoney, Joseph P.;
Assignee: Occidental Oil Shale, Inc. (Grand Junction, CO)
Primary Examiner: Pate, III; William F.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Christie, Parker & Hale
Formation is excavated from an in situ oil shale retort site for forming at least one void within the retort site, leaving at least one remaining zone of unfragmented formation within the retort site adjacent such a void. The remaining zone is explosively expanded toward such a void for forming a fragmented permeable mass of formation particles containing oil shale in an in situ oil shale retort. Oil shale in the in situ retort is retorted to produce liquid and gaseous products, leaving a mass of spent oil shale particles in the in situ retort. Oil shale particles excavated from the in situ retort site are separately retorted, such as in a surface retorting operation, producing liquid and gaseous products and spent surface retorted oil shale particles. The spent surface retorted particles are disposed of by forming an aqueous slurry of the particles, and pumping the slurry into a spent in situ retort. In one embodiment, the aqueous slurry is introduced into a hot lower portion of the spent retort where contact with hot spent oil shale particles generates steam which, in turn, is withdrawn from the spent retort in usable form. In another embodiment, water from the aqueous slurry introduced into a spent in situ retort collects at a level within the retort. The water can be recovered by drilling a drainage hole upwardly from a lower level drift into the level within the spent retort where the water collects and draining the water through the drainage hole to the lower level drift for recovery. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to the schematic block diagram of FIG.
1, which illustrates one embodiment of a process according to principles of this invention, a first stage operation 10 of a two-stage retorting process involves in situ oil shale retorting, such as described in the patents referred to above and incorporated herein by reference.
According to the in situ retorting techniques generally described in those patents, a portion of a subterranean formation containing oil shale is excavated by conventional mining techniques to form at least one void within the boundaries of an in situ oil shale retort site, leaving a remaining zone of unfragmented formation within the boundaries of the retort site adjacent such a void.
Such a remaining zone of formation is explosively expanded toward such a void to form a fragmented permeable mass of formation particles containing oil shale within the boundaries of the in situ retort site.
Such a fragmented mass is referred to herein as an in situ oil shale retort, and such a fragmented mass is illustrated schematically at 42 and 142 in FIGS.
2 and 3, respectively.
The portion of formation mined from within the boundaries of the in situ retort site is in the range from about 15% to about 30% of the volume of formation within the in situ oil shale retort being formed.
Thus, the fragmented mass has a void fraction from about 15% to about 30%.
The fragmented mass in the in situ retort comprises formation particles containing oil shale having interstices between the particles.
When the remaining zone of unfragmented formation is explosively expanded toward such a void, it expands into such a void so as to substantially fill the void left by removal of mined out portions of formation.
The void space or spaces originally present within the retort site prior to explosive expansion becomes interspersed throughout the fragmented mass of particles in the retort being formed.
During first stage retorting operations, hot retorting gases pass through the fragmented mass in the in situ oil shale retort to convert kerogen contained in the fragmented mass of particles to liquid and gaseous products, leaving a spent in situ retort containing a mass of in situ retorted oil shale particles
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Liquid Purification 
