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Water clarifier with first filtrate isolation, improved backwashing and improved bubble generation
| Details |
Inventors: Krofta, Milos;
Assignee:
Primary Examiner: Upton; Christopher
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Dike, Bronstein, Roberts & Cushman
A two stage raw water clarifier with first stage flotation and second stage filtration divides at least the lower portion of a flotation tank into independent cells. A branched slotted conduit located in a filter medium in each cell collects clarified water. Valves control the flow of clarified water from each branched conduit either to a clarified water ring conduit or to a first filtrate/backwash ring conduit connected to a storage tank. The filter media is preferably a dual media, a layer of anthracite or activated carbon over a layer of sand. High cell walls and inclined baffles in each cell retain the filter media during backwashing. The baffles also slow the flotation process. A decompression valve for pressurized water with dissolved air has a very narrow annular slot in the flow path through the valve to create microscopic air bubbles of optimal size for the flotation. A movable member sets this annular slot at a proper value. A mechanical or pneumatic actuator moves the member periodically to open the slot and flush out trapped particles. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION A two stage, flotation/filtration clarifier has a flotation tank defined by outer and inner vertical, generally cylindrical walls.
A bottom wall of the flotation tank extends therebetween, but it is spaced above the clarifier bottom wall to define, in combination with the inner wall, part of a central hydraulic flocculator tank.
Microscopic bubbles are introduced to the flocculated raw water near the top of the hydraulic flocculator.
Raw water thus treated flows over the upper edge of the inner wall to the surrounding flotation tank.
A principal feature of this invention is that most of the flotation tank is divided by radial walls into plural, vertically extending cells that are isolated from one another.
In the preferred form, each cell occupies a radial sector of the tank and extends from the bottom of the tank to a point short of its upper edge to leave an annular zone where treated water feeds to all of the cells and floated sludge collects on the surface of the water.
Each cell has at its bottom a layer of a filtration medium such as sand, and preferably a dual media filter formed by a layer of fine sand and an overlying layer of particulate anthracite or activated charcoal.
Each cell also has a slotted conduit and connected branch slotted conduits that extend through the sand layer adjacent the bottom wall of each cell.
The slots receive the clarified water, but exclude the filter media.
An array of fixed, inclined baffles, preferably in the form of an array of channels, are mounted in the flotation tank.
Preferably there are baffles in each cell spaced above the filter media.
During a backwashing of the filter media through water and compressed air flows from the branched, slotted conduits, the channels allow an upward flow of the water to carry sludge and particulates back to the flocculator, but in combination with the dual media filter construction and tall cell walls they substantially eliminate media loss.
Because the channels are inclined, and because rising flocks in the cell must pass through the channels to reach the surface, the channels extend the rising path length, and thereby enhance the duration and efficiency of the clarification process without a corresponding increase in the size of the flotation tank
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Liquid Purification 
