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| In-line wafer surface mapping |
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| Light reflecting micromachined cantilever |
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| Micro-electro mechanical device made from mono-crystalline silicon and method of manufacture therefore |
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| MEMS device and fabrication method thereof |
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| Differential interferometric light modulator and image display device |
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Correlating optical motion detector
| Details |
Inventors: Tanner, John E.; Mead, Carver A.;
Assignee: California Institute of Technology (Pasadena, CA)
Primary Examiner: Nelms; David C.
Assistant Examiner: Oen; William L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Freilich, Hornbaker, Rosen & Fernandez
An optical mouse utilizing a linear array of photodiodes is provided with circuitry to correlate during each self-timed cycle a new image with a stored image from the previous cycle with the new image offset relative to the stored image one pixel (photodiode signal) to the right, one pixel to the left, and also with no offset. All three correlations are done at the same time in separate correlators. Decision as to motion to the right, to the left or no motion is made on the basis of maximum correlation output. The new image is not stored in a second store array for use during the next cycle until any motion is detected, but it is stored in a first store array during the cycle when half the precharged photodiodes discharge below a predetermined level in response to incident light. A new cycle is initiated by precharging the photodiodes when any decision of motion or no motion is made. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION In accordance with the present invention, an optical motion detector is comprised of a single chip having an array of photodiodes and means for focusing an image onto the chip.
The chip also includes an array of storage devices to store an image, and means for correlating pixels of a current image with pixels of a previously stored image, means for determining the position where the correlation is the greatest by correlating the old image in line with the new image and the old image offset one pixel to the right and again offset one pixel to the left of the new image, and a self-timed control means to sequence the operations.
The position of correlation with the old image offset to the right or the left indicates the relative motion of the image during the interval between one cycle of storing and correlating an image and the previous cycle.
The self-timing is effective upon the total charge of all photodiodes initially charged falling below a predetermined level in response to discharge by leakage current caused by an optical image to assure that the array does not move more than one pixel width during one cycle.
A circuit connected to receive the outputs of the correlation means allows each correlation output to inhibit other correlation outputs of lower amplitude to assure a clear decision of the direction of motion, or a decision of no motion.
In a preferred embodiment, a second array for storing an image is provided, and the new image correlated is not transferred from the first store array to the second until a decision is reached that there has been a movement to the left or right.
However, every decision of left move, right move or unmoved, is effective to initialize another cycle to receive and store a new image in the first store for correlation.
This arrangement reduces the rate of movement that can be detected to zero.
The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims.
The invention will best be understood from the following description when read in connection with the accompanying drawings
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MEMS 
