 Process for preparing high crystallinity oxide thin film |
| Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a process for preparing an oxide ... |
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| Solid polymer electrolyte-based oxygen batteries |
| OF THE INVENTION The invention is understood by referring to FIG. 1 which depicts a polymer ... |
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| Process for making photovoltaic devices and resultant product |
| What is claimed is: 1. A process for making a photovoltaic device, comprising: establishing a ... |
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| Packaging material for thin film lithium batteries |
| This invention resides in a thin film battery including components which are capable of reacting ... |
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| Magnetron sputtering source for low pressure operation |
| Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for low ... |
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| Integrated power source |
| In accordance with the invention of a self-contained, energy renewable power source, recent ... |
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| Polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes |
| The present invention meets those needs by providing a polymeric-ceramic composite electrolyte ... |
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| Solid state thin film battery having a high temperature lithium alloy anode |
| OF THE INVENTION Since the Li anode has the lowest melting point of the active components of a ... |
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| Electrical circuit component formed of a conductive liquid printed directly onto a substrate |
| An object of the present invention is to provide articles containing electrical components which ... |
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| Apparatus for coating a moving glass substrate |
| The invention relates an apparatus for coating a moving substrate e.g. a glass ribbon supported and ... |
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Hollow cathode
| Details |
Inventors: Cuomo, Jerome J.; Kaufman, Harold R.; Rossnagel, Stephen M.;
Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation (Armonk, NY)
Primary Examiner: Levy; Stewart J.
Assistant Examiner: Roskos; Joseph W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Schlemmer; Roy R.
A long life high current density hollow cathode electron beam source for use in various E-beam apparatus which uses an ionizable gas within the hollow cathode. Bombardment of an electron emissive surface within the hollow cathode by energetic gas ions causes electrons to be emitted by secondary emission rather than thermionic emission effects. Once initialized by an external ionization voltage the device is essentially self sustaining and operates near room temperature, rather than at thermionic emission temperatures, and with reduced voltages. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: 1.
In an electron beam apparatus, the improvement which comprises a hollow cathode structure comprising an outer enclosure, having at one end thereof a wall, said wall having an aperture therethrough for electron beam emission, a second wall at the opposite end of said enclosure, the enclosure and walls defining an interior chamber, means for admitting an ionizable gas into said chamber, the interior surface of said chamber, exclusive of said end walls, having a low work function electron emissive coating thereon which readily emits electrons under bombardment by ions from said gas, and means for ionizing the gas within said chamber whereby high energy electrons are emitted from said surface by secondary emission effects and low energy electrons released by collision between said high energy electrons and gas ions are emitted through the aperture.
2.
An electron beam apparatus as set forth in claim 1, further including means for initiating operation of the device including a(n external) high-voltage discharge for initially ionizing the gas within the said chamber whereby the gas ions collide with said electron emitting surface to release high energy electrons therefrom, said high energy electrons in turn colliding with gas molecules within said chamber to, in effect, sustain the ionized condition of said gas even after the initial high voltage is removed.
3.
An electron beam apparatus as set forth in claim 2 wherein the ionizable gas is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, helium, Ne and combinations of these and reactive gases including O.
sub.
2, N.
sub.
2 and Ar.
4.
An electron been apparatus as set forth in claim 3 wherein the electron emissive surface is comprised of a layer of a material selected from the group consisting of oxides and halides including MgO, MgF.
sub.
2, NaCl, ZnO, Al.
sub.
2 O.
sub.
3, SiO.
sub.
2, BaOSrO and combinations of these and other oxides and halides
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MEMS 
