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Decoder for a software-implemented end-to-end scalable video delivery system
| Details |
Inventors: Chaddha, Navid;
Assignee: Sun Microsystems, Inc. (Palo Alto, CA)
Primary Examiner: Faile; Andrew
Assistant Examiner: Srivastava; Vivek
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Flehr Hohbach Test Albritton & Herbert LLP
A decoder is used in an end-to-end scalable video delivery system operable over heterogeneous networks. The decoder may software-based and computationally low complexity, or may be implemented inexpensively in ROM hardware. The system utilizes a scalable video compression algorithm based on a Laplacian pyramid decomposition to generate an embedded information stream. At the receiving end, the decoder extracts from the embedded stream different streams at different spatial and temporal resolutions. Decoding a 160.times.120 pixel image involves only decompressing a base layer 160.times.120 pixel image. Decoding a 320.times.240 pixel image involves decompressing and up-sampling (e.g., interpolating) the base layer to yield a 320.times.240 pixel image to which is added error data in a first enhancement layer following its decompression. To obtain a 640.times.480 pixel image, the decoder up-samples the up-sampled 320.times.240 pixel image, to which is added error data in a second enhancement layer, following its decompression. Because decoding requires only additions and look-ups from a table stored in a small (12 Kb) memory, decoding occurs in real-time. Subjective quality of the compressed images preferably is enhanced using perceptual distortion measures. The system also provides joint-source channel coding capability on heterogenous networks. The look-up table or codebook includes the inverse perceptual weighting (preprocessed) and the inverse transform (preprocessed). Decoding permits the codewords within the look-up table codebook to include preprocessed color conversion, dithering, color palletization, edge-enhancement, decimation, and interpolation. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION In a first embodiment, the present invention provides a software-based, rapidly operating decoder of low computational complexity for use with an end-to-end scalable video delivery system whose software-based server-encoder operates independently of the capabilities and requirements of the software-based decoder(s).
The decoder operates in conjunction with a central processor unit ("CPU") and relies upon stored look-up tables containing preprocessed operations including color conversion, dithering, color palletization, interpolation, decimation, edge enhancement, and the like.
In a second embodiment, the decoder functions are permanently stored in a read-only memory ("ROM") that operates in conjunction with a relatively simple central processor unit.
The encoder uses a scalable compression algorithm based upon Laplacian pyramid decomposition.
An original 640.
times.
480 pixel image is decimated to produce a 320.
times.
240 pixel image that is itself decimated to yield a 160.
times.
120 pixel base image that is encoder-transmitted.
This base image is then compressed to form a 160.
times.
120 pixel base layer that is decompressed and up-sampled to produce an up-sampled 320.
times.
240 pixel image.
The up-sampled 320.
times.
240 pixel image is then subtracted from the 320.
times.
240 pixel image to provide an error image that is compressed as transmitted as a first enhancement layer.
The 160.
times.
120 pixel decompressed image is also up-sampled to produce an up-sampled 640.
times.
480 pixel image that is subtracted from the original 640.
times.
480 pixel image to yield an error image that is compressed and transmitted as a second enhancement layer.
Collectively the base layer, and first and second enhancement layers comprise the single embedded bitstream that may be multicast over heterogeneous networks that can range from telephone lines to wireless transmission.
Packets within the embedded bit-stream preferably are prioritized with bits arranged in order of visual importance.
The resultant bit stream is easily rescaled by dropping less important bits, thus providing bandwidth scalability dynamic range from a few Kbps to many Mbps
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Manufacturing Materials 
