 Silica sols and use of the sols |
| We claim: 1. Silica sols having an S-value within the range from 15 to 40 percent comprising ... |
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| Aqueous dispersions of hydrophobic material |
| We claim: 1. Aqueous dispersion containing an anionic dispersant and a disperse phase containing a ... |
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| Process for the production of paper using silica-based sols |
| 1. A process for the production of paper which comprises: i) providing an aqueous suspension ... |
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| Water and oil repelling film having surface irregularities and method of manufacturing the same |
| An objective of the invention is to provide a water-and oil-repelling adsorbing film formed on a ... |
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| Method of manufacturing a water- and oil-repelling film having surface irregularities |
| An objective of the invention is to provide a water- and oil-repelling adsorbing film formed on a ... |
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| Surface-treated substrate |
| What is claimed is: 1. A surface-treated substrate consisting essentially of a substrate having at ... |
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| Material for imparting non-stick and non-wetting properties |
| We claim: 1. A material system for imparting improved abrasion resistance, non-stick and non-... |
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| Coated film |
| OF THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in detail below. The polyester ... |
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Process of dyeing synthetic fabrics using high-boiling ester solvents
| Details |
Inventors: Brodmann, George L.;
Assignee: Burlington Industries, Inc. (Greensboro, NC)
Primary Examiner: Niebling; John F.
Assistant Examiner: Rodriguez; Isabelle
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Nixon & Vanderhye
Synthetic textile fibers are dyed in a waterless coloring composition composed of a high-boiling ester solvent and a dye that (a) is soluble to the extent of at least 1.5% in the solvent, (b) provides a depth of coloration, expressed as yield, of at least 25%, (c) imparts to the dyed fibers a lightfastness value of at least 3, and (d) provides the dyed fibers with a washfastness value of at least 3. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Before discussing details of the process of this invention, it is important to carefully define the terms as used in the following disclosure, specification and claims, and as generally used in the dyeing art in which perhaps the preeminent text is The Colour Index.
The Colour Index refers to dye classes, such as acid dyes, basic dyes, disperse dyes, solvent dyes, etc.
, as usage classes.
Specific usage names such as C.
I.
Solvent Yellow 77 are formally called C.
I.
Generic Names; less formally, use or usage names.
The "generic" derives from the multiple manufacturers' specific tradenames for the same dye.
The 5-digit number accompanying the dye when its structure is known--C.
I.
11855 for the above yellow dye--is its "C.
I.
Constitution Number".
There are distinct differences between disperse dyes and the solvent dyes used in the process of this invention.
The terms "disperse dye" and "solvent dye" are "use" terms, and both of them encompass dyes containing very similar chemical groupings.
The chemistry of the dyes therefore offers no general promise for distinguishing between the two use classes.
Historically, the name "disperse dyes" reflects the fact that they are mostly used as slightly soluble dispersions in aqueous media.
A "solvent dye", on the other hand, is intended for use in a non-aqueous organic solvent.
In the context of the present invention, the general difference between disperse dyes and solvent dyes is that in the dyeings in high-boiling hydrophobic solvents, the solvent dyes are more soluble, resulting in greater color yields in many but not all instances, a greater margin of protection against a need for excessive heating to put them in solution, and more capacity for avoiding dye precipitation if the dye solution inadvertently cools while being used.
All of these are significant engineering advantages.
Disperse dyes are not sold simply as the powder or solid themselves; rather, they are formulated and designed for use in an aqueous medium
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Manufacturing Materials 
