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Imparting anlsotropy to foams by orienting added fibers whereby said fibers become parallely aligned
| Details |
Inventors: Osgood, Alan A.;
Assignee:
Primary Examiner: Welsh; M. J.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Mortenson; C. Walter
This invention relates to a method of imparting anisotropy to polymeric foams and to the resultant products. By this invention enhanced mechanical properties are produced in polymeric foams such properties being, for example, compressive yield strengths, modular tensile strengths, and the like. Importantly, other properties of enhanced value are achieved, as for example, improved thermal conductivity and enhanced burning rates. The process involved comprises mixing in liquid form various components of the foam which is to be produced in a foaming step which involves the action of the components in the presence of a foaming agent that effects the foam expansion, and mixed with these liquid mixtures is a low level concentration of relatively short fibers, one-half inch or less, the fibers being made from either an inorganic or organic material with fiber glass or aluminum fibers being preferred. The amount of such fibers is 10% or less based on the final weight of the foam, this being in reference to a foam having a density of 2 pounds per cubic foot. Foams of greater or of less density are appropriately loaded with the fibers as will appear hereinafter. An important part of this invention is the production of foams in which the added fibers are lined up in a parallel arrangement, the parallelism being to the direction of the foam expansion. As a result of the parallel alignment, a structural reinforcement occurs, there being an increase in the compressive strength. Other improved physical properties are obtained as described hereinafter. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION What is claimed is: 1.
A process for imparting anisotropy to foams which comprises mixing in liquid form the components of the foam which are to react during the foaming step to produce said foam by the action of a foaming agent to effect foam expansion, mixing therewith an amount of about 0.
008% to about 10% by weight based on the weight of the foam to be produced of fibers having a length no greater than about 0.
5 inch, and a length to diameter ratio not less than 4/1, and then effecting foaming, orienting said fibers by the action of the foaming agent whereby said fibers become substantially parallelly aligned to the direction of said foam expansion.
2.
A process in accordance with claim 1 in which said fibers comprise inorganic materials.
3.
A process in accordance with claim 1 in which said fibers comprise organic material.
4.
A process in accordance with claim 1 in which said components are polyurethane foaming materials.
5.
A process in accordance with claim 1 in which the density of said resultant fiber-loaded foam is about 2 lbs.
/cubic foot.
6.
As a new article of manufacture, a foam of a polymeric material which foam has improved anisotropy and which foam contains therein about 0.
008% to about 10% by weight of said foam of fibers having a length no greater than about 0.
5 inch and a length to diameter ratio not less than about 4/1, said fibers being substantially parallelly aligned.
7.
An article in accordance with claim 6 in which said fibers are inorganic.
8.
An article in accordance with claim 6 in which said fibers are organic.
9.
An article in accordance with claim 6 in which said foam is a polyurethane foam.
10.
An article in accordance with claim 6 which has a density of about 2 lbs.
/cubic foot.
Description:
STATUS OF THE PRIOR ART The placement of fillers of various kinds into polymeric substances is an extensive art.
Such materials as pigments, fibers, graphite, mica, among many others, have been used to alter the properties of polymeric materials
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Metal Working 
