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Lead/acid battery having horizontal plates
| Details |
Inventors: Dittmann, John F.; Morse, Elliott M.; Carr, Earl S.;
Assignee: Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. (Cincinnati, OH)
Primary Examiner: Hearn; Brian E.
Assistant Examiner: Kalafut; Stephen J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Wood, Herron & Evans
Disclosed are maintenance-free cells and batteries of the lead/acid type which have improved deep cycle life. The plates are flat and are oriented horizontally as a stack in a cell which contains unabsorbed free electrolyte. The free electrolyte wets but does not cover the top surface of at least one negative plate. The vertical dimension of the plate stack must not exceed one-half its major horizontal dimension. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION In FIG.
1, a battery 10 is shown which is comprised of cells individually designated by 11.
The particular battery shown for purposes of explanation is of the "monoblock" type wherein the individual cells are not enclosed within separate containers, but rather are located in separate sealed compartments in battery case 12.
The cell compartments are defined between horizontal partitions 13 that are sealed to the battery case vertical walls 14 and 15.
Each cell 11 comprises at least one flat, horizontal negative plate 20 of spongy lead and one flat, horizontal positive plate 21 of lead peroxide.
The positive and negative plates 20 and 21 can be formed in accordance with conventional plate making technology.
The cells shown for purposes of illustration in FIG.
1, have only one pair of plates each, one negative and one positive.
The cell may however have additional pairs of positive and negative plates, and may also have one extra negative plate.
In the preferred embodiment the uppermost plate in each cell is a negative plate, as at 20.
The lowermost plate may be a positive plate 21, as shown in FIG.
1 or, if an extra negative plate is used, the lowermost plate may be negative.
The plates of each cell are separated by separator means as at 25.
A combination of both a film and an absorbent matt separator material is preferred.
The use of film as part of the separator is important because it prevents formation of lead dendritic shorting between positive and negative plates and also reduces overcharge current and associated heating.
In FIG.
1 the positive and negative plates are shown spaced apart for greater clarity.
In general however the plates form a stack in which the lower plates carry the weight of the upper plates.
It is not necessary to provide clearance between the upper negative plate and the partition or cell top surface; that is, oxygen recombination will occur effectively even absent such open space, provided the horizontal surface of at least one negative plate is not immersed in electrolyte during charging
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Metal Working 
