 Process for biological production of organic acids |
| What is claimed is: 1. In a process for preparing an organic acid which comprises converting a ... |
|
| Extraction of poly(.beta.-hydroxy butyric acid) |
| We claim: 1. A process for the separation of poly(.beta.-hydroxy butyric acid), PHB, from an ... |
|
| Colorless transparent polyimide shaped article and process for producing the same |
| OF THE INVENTION The polyamide acid used in the process of this invention can be obtained, for ... |
|
| Production of absorbents |
| We claim: 1. A process for the production of an absorbent based on a synthetic resin which ... |
|
| Method for the anaerobic degradation of organic material |
| The present invention consists in means for the anaerobic bacterial degradation of organic ... |
|
| Fermentation process for the production of citric acid |
| OF THE INVENTION It has now been found that a certain strain of the yeast Candida lipolytica has ... |
|
| Block-formed basidiomycete and a method of cultivation for the same |
| The object of the present invention is to provide a block-formed basidiomycete which can be applied ... |
|
| Process of producing optically active cephalosporin analogs by enzyme selective deacylation |
| OF THE INVENTION Optically active compounds of the cephalosporin analogs represented by the ... |
|
| Hydrosoluble bar for use in toilet bowls and method of making same which includes an extrusion step |
| What is claimed is: 1. Composition for extruding a hydrosoluble toilet bowl bar which is solid at ... |
|
|
Biological process for producing .alpha.-hydroxyamide or .alpha.-hydroxy acid
| Details |
Inventors: Endo, Takakazu; Yamagami, Tomohide; Tamura, Koji;
Assignee: Nitto Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, JP)
Primary Examiner: Lilling; Herbert J.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sughrue, Mion, Zinn, Macpeak & Seas
A process for biologically producing an .alpha.-hydroxyamide or an .alpha.-hydroxy acid represented by formula (III) ##STR1## wherein R represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group or a substituted or unsubstituted and saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic group; and X represents an amido group or a carboxyl group, comprising reacting an .alpha.-hydroxynitrile represented by formula (I): ##STR2## wherein R is as defined above, or a mixture of an aldehyde represented by formula (II): R--CHO (II) wherein R is as defined above, and hydrogen cyanide with a microorganism capable of producing such an amide or acid from the corresponding .alpha.-hydroxynitrile is disclosed, in which the reaction system contains a sulfite ion, a disulfite ion or a dithionite ion. The enzymatic activity of the microorganism lasts for an extended period of time. |
|
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A sulfite ion, a disulfite ion or a dithionite ion added to the reaction system is supplied as, for example, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium dithionite, potassium sulfite, potassium bisulfite, potassium dithionite, ammonium sulfite, ammonium bisulfite or ammonium dithionite.
The following mechanism is suggested to account for the action of those ions.
A sulfite ion, a disulfite ion or a dithionite ion has properties of forming a complex with an aldehyde.
That is, those ions rapidly react with an aldehyde released by dissociation of an .
alpha.
-hydroxynitrile in a polar solvent to form a complex, thus serving to maintain a low free aldehyde concentration in the reaction system.
The complex formed undergoes a nucleophilic reaction with a proton or hydrogen cyanide to release reversibly an aldehyde or an .
alpha.
-hydroxynitrile, respectively.
According to the present invention, hydration or hydrolysis of a nitrile can be carried on while maintaining a low aldehyde concentration in the reaction system by a combination of those actions so that the enzyme inhibitory action of the aldehyde is minimized and the reaction can last for an extended period of time, in a stable manner, without causing drastic deactivation of the enzyme making it possible to accumulate the produced amide or acid in high concentrations.
It is still obscure, however, whether the enzyme stabilization mechanism by a sulfite ion, a disulfite ion or a dithionite ion is attributable only to the reduction in free aldehyde concentration in the reaction system.
Considering the above-stated fact that an aldehyde generally has properties of binding to proteins to deactivate an enzyme, it appears that the inhibitory effect on enzyme activity by a sulfite ion, a disulfite ion or a dithionite ion applies to all biological reactions which involve an aldehyde.
In other words, the microorganism which can be used in the production of an amide or an acid from an .
alpha.
-hydroxynitrile according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the microorganism is capable of producing such an amide or acid from the corresponding
|
| Related patents |
|
|
Process for producing a-hydroxy acid or a-hydroxyamide by microorganism
OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, the aldehyde, prussic acid, .alpha.-hydroxynitrile and sulfite ion, which sulfite ion is added if needed, are in an ...
|
|
|
Process for preparing .alpha.-hydroxy acids using microorganism and novel microorganism
What is claimed is: 1. A method for producing compounds represented by a general formula [II], RCH(OH)COOH, wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally-...
|
|
|
Modification of pigment charge characteristics
What is claimed is: 1. A positively charged dry electrophotographic developer composition comprised of a resin, a carrier, and as a pigment carbon black precoated with a ...
|
|
|
Fluorescent toners surface coated with polymeric quaternary ammonium compound and slip agent
I claim: 1. A dry nonelectroscopic fluorescent toner comprising fluorescent pigmented organic resin particles having a size distribution within the range of 0.2 to 50 ...
|
|
|
New electrostatographic toners and developers containing new charge-control agents
What is claimed is: 1. A dry, particulate, electrostatographic toner composition comprising a polymeric binder and a charge-control agent comprising a quaternary ...
|
|
|
Process for producing toner for electrophotography
What is claimed is: 1. A process for producing a toner for electrophotography which comprises polymerizing a polymerizable monomer dispersed by emulsification in the ...
|
|
|
Liquid developer, method for manufacture thereof, image forming device, and image forming method
What is claimed is: 1. A liquid developer comprising: an insulating carrier liquid; toner particles containing a colorant and a binder resin, and insoluble in the ...
|
|
|
Electrophotographic toner made by polymerizing monomers in solution in presence of colorant
OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Process of Embodiment (i) In the process of the embodiment (i), a radical-polymerizable monomer (A) and a colorant are dissolved or ...
|
|
|
Resins for electrohotographic toners
OF THE INVENTION The term "amorphous poly-(.alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acid)" herein used means "poly(.alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acid)" which does not have a melting point ...
|
|
|
Dip coating method having intermediate bead drying step
The present invention is accomplished in embodiments by providing a coating method comprising: (a) dip coating a batch of substrates, each substrate defining an end ...
|
|
|
Molecular Biology 
