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Process for producing a-hydroxy acid or a-hydroxyamide by microorganism
| Details |
Inventors: Yamaguchi, Yasumasa; Ushigome, Masahiro; Kato, Takeshi;
Assignee: Nitto Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, JP)
Primary Examiner: Richter; Johann
Assistant Examiner: Oswecki; Jane C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sughrue, Mion, Zinn, Macpeak & Seas, PLLC
A process for producing an .alpha.-hydroxy acid or an .alpha.-hydroxyamide which comprises treating an aldehyde and prussic acid or an .alpha.-hydroxynitrile with a microorganism having nitrilase or nitrile hydratase activity in an aqueous medium and maintaining the aldehyde concentration and/or the .alpha.-hydroxynitrile concentration in the reaction mixture within a predetermined range. Also disclosed is a process for producing an .alpha.-hydroxy acid or an .alpha.-hydroxyamide from an aldehyde and prussic acid with a microorganism in an aqueous medium, which comprises maintaining the cyanogen concentration in the reaction mixture within a predetermined range and supplying the aldehyde to the reaction mixture at a predetermined ratio to the prussic acid. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, the aldehyde, prussic acid, .
alpha.
-hydroxynitrile and sulfite ion, which sulfite ion is added if needed, are in an equilibrium state and react with each other in the reaction mixture.
Thus it is difficult to determine the actual concentrations of these substances.
Accordingly, the apparent concentration(s) of the aldehyde and/or .
alpha.
-hydroxynitrile in the reaction mixture are determined.
More particularly, the reaction mixture during the course of the reaction is sampled and, if necessary, diluted and subjected to solid-liquid separation followed by an analysis of the solution thus obtained.
Although it is preferable to employ liquid chromatography for this analysis, gas chromatography can also be used.
The aldehyde or .
alpha.
-hydroxynitrile is supplied to the reaction mixture in such manner so as to regulate (control) the aldehyde concentration and/or the .
alpha.
-hydroxynitrile concentration in the reaction mixture generally within a concentration range of from 0.
01 to 1,000 mM, preferably from 0.
05 to 200 mM, and still preferably from 1 to 50 mM.
In the last step of the reaction, the supply of the aldehyde or .
alpha.
-hydroxynitrile is discontinued to thereby lower the aldehyde concentration and/or the .
alpha.
-hydroxynitrile concentration in the reaction mixture.
When an aldehyde and prussic acid are employed as starting materials, it is also possible to measure the cyan ion concentration to thereby control the supply of the prussic acid and aldehyde.
The concentration of cyanogen in the reaction mixture can be determined using a cyan ion sensor, an infrared gas analyzer, a semiconductor gas sensor, etc.
Prussic acid is supplied to the reaction mixture in such manner so as to control the cyanogen concentration in the reaction mixture within a predetermined range, generally from 0.
01 to 300 mM, preferably from 0.
1 to 100 mM, and still preferably from 1 to 50 mM.
In the present invention, the expression "cyanogen concentration in the reaction mixture" means the sum of the concentrations of prussic acid and cyan ion contained therein
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Molecular Biology 
