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 Production of hydrogen peroxide

Details
Inventors: Wrighton, Mark S.; Buchanan, Robert M.; Calabrese, Gary S.;
Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, MA)
Primary Examiner:
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm:

Methods, materials and apparatus for production of hydrogen peroxide are disclosed. In one preferred embodiment, high surface area circulating elements derivatized with a quinone catalyst are reduced in an electrolytic cell where the cathode may also be derivatized with a quinone catalyst and a solution quinone at low concentration is used as a mediator. Once reduced, the circulating elements are separated and used to form hydrogen peroxide from molecular oxygen in an aqueous, electrolyte-free, environment. The circulating elements can be cycled repeatedly. Particular, novel naphthoquinone compounds are also disclosed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Reagents Ia and Ib were prepared according to the following equations: ##STR1## The product of equation 4, a 2-chloro-3-[[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino]-1,4-naphthoquinone, II; was formed by adding 8.
8 g of N, N-dimethylethylenediamine to a suspension of 22.
7 g of 2, 3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone in 200 ml of ethanol.
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and then refluxed for 1 h.
After cooling, a bright red precipitate was collected by filtration to give .
about.
30 g (95% yield) of the crude HCl salt of II.
The free base of II was then prepared by treating the crude product with excess aqueous Na.
sub.
2 CO.
sub.
3, followed by extraction into CH.
sub.
2 Cl.
sub.
2 and removal of the solvent under vacuum to yield II.
Reagent Ib was prepared as illustrated by equation 5 by stirring 1 g of II in 5 ml of BrCH.
sub.
2 CH.
sub.
2 CH.
sub.
2 Si(OCH.
sub.
3).
sub.
3 [prepared by reacting HC(OCH.
sub.
3).
sub.
3 with 1-bromo-3-(trichlorosilyl)propane purchased from Petrarch Chemical Co.
] at 90.
degree.
C.
for 12 h, after which time the product precipitated from solution.
Filtration and repeated washings with hexane followed by drying under vacuum yielded 1.
6 g (.
about.
90%) of Ib.
Ia was prepared in a manner analogous to Ib by stirring II with excess n-PrBr at 70.
degree.
C.
until the product precipitated.
The [.
sup.
1 H] NMR (270 MHz, CD.
sub.
3 OD) for Ib showed resonances at delta 0.
55 (t, 2H silyl methylene, J=8 Hz); 1.
78 (m, 2H, alkyl methylene); 3.
13 (s, 6H, N.
sup.
+ -methyl); 3.
33 (m, 2H, N.
sup.
+ -methylene); 3.
43 (s, 9H, silyl methoxy); 3.
56 (t, 2H, N.
sup.
+ -methylene, J=6.
8 Hz); 4.
12 (t, 2H, N-methylene); 7.
61 (m, 2H, aryl); 7.
90 (d, 2H, aryl).
Elemental analysis (Galbraith) for Ib was satisfactory.
Calculated for C.
sub.
20 H.
sub.
30 N.
sub.
2 O.
sub.
5 ClSiBr: C, 46.
02; H, 5.
79; N, 5.
37; Cl, 6.
79; Si, 5.
38.
Found: C, 46.
2; H, 5.
84; N.
5.
31; Cl, 6.
92; Si, 5.
50.
Reagent Ib was then used to derivatize the high surface area oxides and electrodes.
Platinum wire (0



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