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Xanthine oxidase
| Details |
Inventors: Zikakis, John P.;
Assignee: University of Delaware (Newark, DE)
Primary Examiner: Shapiro; Lionel M.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
A milk xanthine oxidase active enzyme concentrate having an average protein to flavin ratio as measured by E.sub.280nm for protein and E.sub.450nm for flavin of 2.0 to 4.1, one symmetric peak by ion-exchange gel chromatography, and shows a single protein band by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The xanthine oxidase is not denatured. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION I claim: 1.
A milk xanthine oxidase active enzyme concentrate having an average protein to flavin ratio as measured by E.
sub.
280nm for protein and E.
sub.
450nm for flavin ranging from 2.
0 to 4.
1, one symmetric peak by ion-exchange gel chromatography, shows a single protein band by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, and has a pH profile curve at approximate optimum temperature of the change in initial velocity of uric acid productivity against change in pH that shows two peaks, one at pH of about 8.
3 and the other at pH of about 8.
7.
2.
The xanthine oxidase enzyme concentrate of claim 1 characterized in that it has a Michaelis constant of about 4.
34.
times.
10.
sup.
-5 M and maximum velocity of about 4.
76 I.
U.
with xanthine as substrate at a pH of 8.
3 and a Michaelis constant of about 2.
0.
times.
10.
sup.
-5 M and maximum velocity of about 3.
125 I.
U.
with xanthine as substrate at a pH of 8.
7.
Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a new and improved xanthine oxidase (referred to herein as XO) concentrate from bovine milk.
Prior Art Bovine milk xanthine oxidase (xanthine: oxygen oxidoreductase, E.
C.
1.
2.
3.
2.
) is a conjugated iron-sulfur molybdenum flavoprotein widely distributed in animals, plants, and microorganisms where it has a role in purine catabolism.
In many animals, including primates, XO is found in the liver, kidney, blood, intestinal mucosa and milk (Li and Vallee, In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease: Dietotherapy, 5th Ed.
Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, Pa.
, pp.
372-399, 1973; Zikakis et al, J.
Food Sci.
41:1408-1412, 1976).
It catalyzes uric acid production from hypoxanthine and xanthine in terminal purine catabolism.
Most of the XO in cow's milk is closely associated with the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) (Morton, Biochem J.
57:231-237, 1954).
The MFGM has a protenaceous surface that interfaces with the milk plasma phase on the exterior and the globule lipids on the interior (Brunner, In Fundamentals of Dairy Chemistry, 2nd Ed
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Molecular Biology 
