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CNC turning machine
| Details |
Inventors: Compton, Ronald E.;
Assignee: The Cross Company (Fraser, MI)
Primary Examiner: Godici; Nicholas P.
Assistant Examiner: Kearns; Jerry
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Tuttle; Robert C. J., Eifler; Raymond J., Stephenson; James E.
A turning machine is characterized by a new and improved control and mechanism for positioning the turning tool on the head. A CNC control issues command signals for selectively positioning the tool on the head. These signals are developed from an encoder which provides the instantaneous position of the rotating part being turned and from a program in the CNC containing information about the part. A closed loop control system receives these command signals and converts same into a control current for a linear motor which is the prime mover controlling the positioning of the tool on the head. The linear motor operates a carriage on the head and the cutting tool mounts on the carriage opposite the connection of the linear motor to the carriage. The carriage is a hollow bar guided on the head by sets of rollers which are cooperatively arranged to provide yieldably forceful constraint of the bar. The rolling action of the bar on the head provides a low friction, low inertia construction enabling rapid response to CNC commands. The head also contains various sensors providing position and velocity feedback information for use by the closed loop control. The closed loop control contains various circuit components organized and arranged to provide fast and faithful response to command signals. The machine has the ability to accurately turn complex parts where position information is being rapidly updated, often in the tens of kilohertz frequency range. Different parts can be turned by merely changing the CNC program. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION This invention relates generally to turning machines and specifically to a new and unique CNC turning machine which is adapted for complex turning of parts such as pistons.
An example of a known turning machine is illustrated in U.
S.
Pat.
No.
3,869,947, commonly assigned.
In the turning machine disclosed in thar patent, a part to be turned, for example a piston, is suitably chucked and rotated about its axis at an appropriate speed.
A cutting tool is arranged to make a pass along the rotating part and machine the outer part surface, i.
e.
the piston skirt.
As the cutting tool is making its axial pass along the part, the cutting tool's radial position is continuously correlated with the rotation of the part to produce a desired shape.
This correlation is achieved by a cam and follower system.
Such a system is capable of imparting both eccentricity and taper to the part, i.
e.
complex turning.
In other words in the case of a piston, the system is capable of producing either straight or tapered skirts of either circular or elliptical cross section, depending upon the desired shape.
Such a turning machine is well suited for making large numbers of identical parts.
However if different shaped parts are to be turned, the machine must be shut down for change-over.
When such shut-down occurs, the machine is removed from productive use, and where precision parts are involved, as is usually the case, care must be taken to ensure that the new cam and the follower produce the desired precision.
The amount of set-up time for the new cam also adds to the total machine downtime.
Turning operations of the type conducted on piston skirts typically involve relatively high rotational speeds for the pistons.
In the cam and follower type system described above, the dynamics of the machine and mechanism can limit the ability of the follower to track the cam.
Hence minor changes in the cam surface shape may be difficult to follow, and there is necessarily a limit to the ultimate precision with which parts can be machined by such an apparatus for a given production rate
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