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Forest surveillance and monitoring system for the early detection and reporting of forest fires
| Details |
Inventors: Brogi, Giulio; Pietranera, Luca; Frau, Francesco;
Assignee: Finmeccanica S.p.A. (Rome, IT); Ramo Aziendale Alenia (Rome, IT)
Primary Examiner: Hofsass; Jeffery
Assistant Examiner: Hill; Andrew
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cohen, Pontani, Lieberman & Pavane
A forest surveillance and monitoring system for the early detection and reporting of forest fires in a forest area under surveillance. The system comprises a number of remote detectors placed within the forest area and telemetrically linked to a central processing system. Each remote detector comprises an infrared sensor and video camera mounted on a remotely controllable moving platform. The remote detector also contains a weather sensor for collecting critical weather data at the remote site. Located at each remote site is a remote processor which controls all data collection, the remote processor being in communication with the central site via a remote communication subsystem and central communication system which are linked via radio. The central control site receives weather data and alarm information as well as video images from the remote detector site via the communication system. The central site contains video monitoring equipment for visual inspection of the area under surveillance as well as a central processor for overall system control. The central processor receives data from the multiple remote detectors and is capable of displaying alarms on digitized topographic maps of the forest under surveillance, as well as producing a forecast of the anticipated growth pattern of the fire front based upon the received data and information stored in a historical data base. Hard copy output of topographic maps showing the fire sites and fire growth path are available from the central processor for use by fire fighting personnel. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention relates to an integrated system for the monitoring of a forest for the early detection and reporting of forest fires.
The system comprises remotely deployed detection units which house infrared sensors, video cameras, weather sensors, a local processor and communications equipment.
These remote detection units are linked to a central command station which receives and processes data from the remote sites, visually displays images from the remote sites on monitors for observation by fire fighting personnel, and contains data processing equipment which can process the remotely received data and output, for use by fire fight personnel, a forecast of the projected path of the fire front as the fire spreads through the forest.
Each remote detector contains an infrared sensor which is optimized for detection of heat sources in the 200.
degree.
to 300.
degree.
C.
range against ambient background temperature of 0.
degree.
to 40.
degree.
C.
Such a sensor is described in U.
S.
Pat.
No.
5,422,484, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
In addition to the infrared sensor, there is a video camera for optical monitoring of the forest area under surveillance.
Both the camera and the infrared sensor are mounted on a movable platform which allows the camera and infrared sensor to be coincidentally moved over a range of positions covering 360 azimuthal degrees.
Also included in the remote detector are a group of weather sensors which provide information as to local temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, wind speed and direction, solar radiation and rain rate.
This weather data, in combination with the data from the infrared sensor, is fed to a local data processor which collects and processes the weather data and infrared sensing data either locally or in response to commands from a central command station.
Communications equipment located at the remote site handles data exchange between the remote location and the central command center as well as the transmission of video images for visual monitoring at the central command station
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Navigation and GPS 
