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| Anode assembly for a variable pressure passive regenerative fuel cell system |
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| Quasi-passive variable pressure regenerative fuel cell system |
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| Hollow artery anode wick for passive variable pressure regenerative fuel cells |
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| Fuel cell, electrolytic cell and process of cooling and/or dehumidifying same |
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| One piece fuel cell separator plate |
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| Planar fuel cell |
| OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A planar fuel cell is created by sandwiching a membrane electrode ... |
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| Emulsion producing apparatus and its combustion system |
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| Fuel cell cooled by latent heat of water evaporation |
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| Apparatus for manufacturing cellulosic fibrous material which can be pressed into molded parts |
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Elastomeric materials reinforced with small diameter glass fibers
| Details |
Inventors: Heitmann, Glenn Alvin;
Assignee: Johns-Manville Corporation (Denver, CO)
Primary Examiner: Derrington; James H.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Krone; Robert M., Kelly; Joseph J., McClain; James W.
Elastomeric materials reinforced with short small diameter insulating glass fibers are disclosed. The elastomeric materials may be any of a variety of natural or synthetic rubbers or rubber-like elastomers. The glass fibers are those commonly designated AAA through B diameters (0.5 to 3.8 microns) and have lengths of from about 3 mm to about 50 mm. Whereas the large diameter fibers commonly considered to be "reinforcing fibers" have been found not to provide satisfactory reinforcement to elastomers, it has now been unexpectedly discovered that the very small diameter insulating fibers, previously believed not to be satisfactory for reinforcement purposes, do in fact provide excellent reinforcement to elastomers. Similarly, it has now been found that short individual fibers, loose or in wool form, can be used for reinforcement instead of the long strands and bundles of continuous glass filaments and woven glass fabrics heretofore relied on by the art. The reinforcement properties of the short small diameter fibers may be significantly enhanced by the presence of carbon black in the elastomer compound. The elastomeric materials reinforced in accordance with the present invention, with or without the carbon black component, find use in various heated and molded rubber products, such as gaskets, tire treads, sheet packings and the like. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The gist of the present invention lies in the discovery that very fine diameter short glass fibers, which have heretofore been considered merely as insulation fibers without any significant reinforcing value, can be incorporated into elastomeric compounds and provide significant and improved reinforcement to the synthetic and/or natural rubber matrix.
This good reinforcing effect is even the more surprising when considered against the prior art background that has shown conventional short coarse glass fibers or continuous or similar long glass fibers normally used as reinforcements to have very little if any reinforcing effect and indeed to be greatly inferior to fibers such as asbestos fibers in reinforcing elastomers.
The elastomeric natural and synthetic rubbers and rubber-like materials which can be reinforced by the fine diameter fibers of the present invention include natural rubbers, styrene-butadiene (SBR) rubbers, butyl rubbers, ethylene-propylene (EP) rubbers, synthetic polyisoprene rubbers, polybutadiene rubbers, acrylonitrile-butadiene (nitrile rubbers, polychloroprene (neoprene) rubbers, fluoroelastomer rubbers, and ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubbers.
All of these families of synthetic or natural rubbers and rubber-like materials are well known and their various properties and chemical compositions are widely published; see e.
g.
, The Vanderbilt Rubber Handbook (Winspear, ed.
; 1968).
While the reinforcing effect of the fine diameter short glass fibers of the present invention will be somewhat different in each of the various natural or synthetic rubbers, a significant reinforcing effect will be found with all.
The "fine diameter short glass fibers" as utilized in the present invention are those glass fibers having dimeters in the range of 0.
5 to 3.
8 microns (0.
00002 through 0.
00015 inches) and lengths of about 3 to 50 mm (about 0.
12 to 2.
0 inches).
These are normally referred to as being AAA through B diameter fibers, with B being the largest diameter fibers
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Nonmetallic Processes 
