 Golf ball |
| We claim: 1. In a solid type golf ball comprising a central core and an outer cover for the core, ... |
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| Solid golf balls |
| What is claimed is: 1. A solid golf ball comprising a rubber component selected from the group ... |
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| Thread-wound golf ball |
| OF THE INVENTION The thread-wound golf ball according to this invention comprises a ball core, a ... |
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| Rubber composition and golf ball comprising it |
| OF THE INVENTION As the rubber component of the composition of the invention, any of the various ... |
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| Thread-wound golf ball |
| Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a thread-wound golf ball having a ... |
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| Homogenous copolymerization of non-polar monomers with ionic amphiphilic monomers |
| OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS The nonionic monomers employed in the practice of this invention are ... |
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| High-resilience ionomeric compositions for golf ball covers |
| OF THE INVENTION In the following disclosure the term `direct copolymer` means a copolymer made by ... |
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| Golf ball cover |
| OF THE INVENTION The cover material of the present invention, and golf balls covered with this ... |
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| Three-piece solid golf ball |
| OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail. Firstly, the ... |
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| Golf ball and method of manufacture |
| OF THE INVENTION The golf balls of the invention are produced using standard choices for the core ... |
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Method for making surfactant-templated, high-porosity thin films
| Details |
Inventors: Brinker, C. Jeffrey; Lu, Yunfeng; Fan, Hongyou;
Assignee: Sandia Corporation (Albuquerque, NM)
Primary Examiner: Beck; Shrive P.
Assistant Examiner: Calcagni; Jennifer
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Klavetter; Elmer A.
An evaporation-induced self-assembly method to prepare a surfactant-templated thin film by mixing a silica sol, a surfactant, and a hydrophobic polymer and then evaporating a portion of the solvent during coating onto a substrate and then heating to form a liquid-phase, thin film material with a porosity greater than approximately 50 percent. The high porosity thin films can have dielectric constants less than 2 to be suitable for applications requiring low-dielectric constants. An interstitial compound can be added to the mixture, with the interstitial compound either covalently bonded to the pores or physically entrapped within the porous structure. The selection of the interstitial compound provides a means for developing thin films for applications including membranes, sensors, low dielectric constant films, photonic materials and optical hosts. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method to prepare high-porosity, mesophase structures and subsequent thin films with controlled pore structure and surface chemistry where the porosity is greater than approximately 50%.
A hybrid mesoporous thin film incorporates inorganic, organic or composite molecules into the mesophase structure of the formed material.
In contrast to prior methods that formed hybrid inorganic/organic mesoporous silica, wherein the silica was in the form of powder, the present invention is a method for forming a liquid material that can be used to form highly porous thin films by such standard methods as dip-coating, spray-coating, or spin-coating.
According to the present invention, in the liquid phase, a precursor sol, a solvent, and water are mixed with a hydrophobic polymer, soluble in the solvent, and with a surfactant, wherein importantly the initial surfactant concentration, c.
sub.
o, is less than the critical micelle concentration, cmc.
Because the surfactant concentration is less than the critical micelle concentration, subsequent solvent evaporation induces micellization, incorporation of hydrophobic polymers into the hydrophobic micellar interiors, and further assembly into hybrid materials.
Evaporation of the solvent promotes stabilization of the polymer in microemulsions along with additional self-assembly of silica surfactant mesophases so that a thin film can be formed on a substrate.
The hydrophobic polymer aids in the self-assembly process, serving as a swelling agent to form a high-porosity structure.
Subsequent calcination of the thin film can result in a hierarchical mesostructure composed of pores templated by both microemulsions and surfactant liquid crystalline assemblies with the thin films having a porosity of greater than approximately 50%.
Highly porous thin films are attractive in applications requiring low dielectric constant materials, low refractive index, and low thermal conductivity.
Precursors such as alkoxysilanes or metal alkoxides, including titanium butoxide, titanium iso-propoxide, zirconium n-butoxide, aluminum iso-propoxide, aluminum iso-propoxide, and mixtures thereof, and organoalkoxysilanes when dissolved in a polar solvent and hydrolyzed under basic, acidic, or neutral conditions are useful for a sol material used in the present invention
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Nonmetallic Processes 
