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 Catheter atherotome

Details
Inventors: Reger, Vincent A.;
Assignee: EVI Corporation (Portland, OR)
Primary Examiner: Thaler; Michael H.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Foster; Lynn G.

A catheter atherotome and method for its use for performing partial atherectomy in an artery and thereby enlarging the lumen effectively available for blood flow through the artery. Several blades are mounted at a distal end of a catheter, in a helical basket configuration and spaced angularly apart from one another about the associated ends of two concentric sheaths in such a way that longitudinal and rotary relative movement of the sheaths selectively bows the blades arcuately outwardly into a cutting position or draws the blades flat into alignment with the sheaths. The blades have sharpened cutting edges extending helically and directed toward the catheter's proximal end when the blades are bowed. Partial removal of an atheroma is effected by manually pulling the basket knife past an atheroma with the basket blades in their outwardly bowed cutting positions, with the speed, force, and amount of expansion of the blades determined by the operator. Removal of cut-away pieces of atherosclerotic plaque material is accomplished either by pull-back of a balloon embolectomy catheter or by use of a latex membrane enshrouding the spiral wire blades to trap the shavings within the membrane.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention overcomes some of the shortcomings and disadvantages of the devices disclosed in the prior art by providing a catheter atherotome which is manually operable and by which a surgeon can plane away atherosclerotic plaque from within an artery by entering the artery with a catheter at a single point proximal to the plaque deposit.
The plaque is cut away piecemeal, by serial pullback strokes of a basket knife carried on the distal end of the catheter and which is collapsible to a small diameter conforming to the diameter of the catheter itself.
The basket knife of the catheter atherotome includes several blades which are aligned generally parallel with one another and in a generally helical arrangement about an inner portion of the catheter which extends distally beyond the distal end of an outer sheath portion of the catheter when in a retracted, relaxed configuration.
Respective ends of each blade are attached to the inner member and the outer sheath of the catheter so that when the distal end of the inner member is moved closer to the distal end of the outer sheath the blade members are forced to bow outward, expanding the basket knife radially.
When the blades are bowed outward, sharpened edges of the blades are exposed proximally with respect to the catheter, so that moving the catheter proximally brings the edges to bear against atherosclerotic plaque deposits to cut them away from the interior of an artery.
While it is particularly well-adapted for use in the femoral and popliteal arteries, the catheter atherotome of the invention may also be useful in the tibial and peroneal, arteries, and with entry gained via the aorta, in the heart and renal arteries.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, both the longitudinal position and the rotational position of the inner member of the catheter are adjustable relative to the outer sheath, and the several blades are flexible, so that both the pitch and the amount of radial bowing of the blades are controllable


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