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| Cardioversion and defibrillation lead system |
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| Orthotic foot assist apparatus |
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Miniature spectrally selective dosimeter
| Details |
Inventors: Adams, Richard R.; MacConochie, Ian O.; Poole, Jr., Bordie D.;
Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Administrator of the (Washington, DC)
Primary Examiner: Punter; William H.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: King; William, Manning; John, Osborn; Howard
The present invention discloses a miniature spectrally selective dosimeter capable of measuring selected bandwidths of radiation exposure on small mobile areas. This is achieved by the combination of photovoltaic detectors, electrochemical integrators (E-cells) and filters in a small compact case which can be easily attached in close proximity to and substantially parallel to the surface being measured. In one embodiment two photovoltaic detectors 13 and 8, two E-cells 15 and 9 and three filters 14 and 16 are packaged in a small case 17 with attaching means consisting of a safety pin 19. In another embodiment, two detectors 31 and 32, one E-cell 33 and three filters 34 and 35 are packaged in a small case 36 with attaching means consisting of a clip 37 to clip over a side piece 38 of an eye glass frame 39. In a further embodiment, the electro-optic elements are packaged in a wristwatch case 51 with attaching means being a watchband 52. The filters in all embodiments allow only selected wavelengths of radiation to be detected by the photovoltaic detectors and then integrated by the E-cells. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION The foregoing and other objects are attainable according to the present invention by providing a miniature dosimeter which is capable of measuring selected bands of radiation and also capable of being easily attached in close promimity and substantially parallel to the area being measured.
The invention consists primarily of one or more photovoltaic (PV) detectors, one or more electrochemical integrators (E-cells) and several filters in a compact case.
The filters allow selected radiation bands to pass through to the PV detectors, the output of which is integrated by the E-cells.
In one embodiment, the PV detectors are two in number and their corresponding filters allow only ultraviolet plus infrared (UV+IR) to pass to one detector and IR only to pass to the other detector.
The output from each detector is integrated by a separate E-cell, which is easily removable for readout.
The mathematical difference between the outputs is proportional to the UV band exposure.
In another embodiment the output from two PV detectors goes to one E-cell.
The UV+IR detector output charges the E-cell by plating silver, while the IR detector output discharges the E-cell by deplating silver, resulting in a total accumulation which is proportional to the amount of UV band exposure alone.
The compact case in which the PV detectors, E-cells, and filters are packed in easily attachable to measure a selected area.
In one embodiment, the attaching means is basically a safety pin; in another embodiment, the means is a clip to clip over an eyeglass frame; and in still another embodiment, the means is a wristwatch band.
The invention also includes a readout device consisting primarily of a constant voltage source, transistor, and light emitting diode (LED) used in conjunction with a stopwatch.
An E-cell which has been removed from the dosimeter is inserted into the readout device.
The constant voltage source is used to deplate at a constant rate the silver accumulated.
The transistor and LED indicate when all the silver has been deplated
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