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| Soliton laser |
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| Short optical pulse generator having a looped directional coupler external cavity |
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| In-line fiber optic memory |
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| Optical signal network with node by-pass switching capability |
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| Laminates |
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Layered fuel-line hose
| Details |
Inventors: Brunnhofer, Erwin;
Assignee: Technoform Caprano & Brunnhofer KG (Fuldabruck, DE)
Primary Examiner: Coe; Philip R.
Assistant Examiner: Hook; James F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Dubno; Herbert, Wilford; Andrew
A layered tubing for use in a motor vehicle has five layers, namely a thick tubular outer layer formed of a Nylon 11 or Nylon 12, a thick tubular intermediate layer of Nylon 6, a thin tubular intermediate bonding layer between and bonded to the thick outer and intermediate layers and formed of polyethylene or polypropylene, a thin tubular intermediate solvent-blocking layer inside the thick layers and formed of a copolymer of ethylene and vinylalcohol, and an inner layer of Nylon 6 inside the blocking layer. The thick outer and intermediate layers each have a thickness of between 0.2 mm and 0.7 mm. The thin intermediate blocking layer comprises by weight 30% to 45% polyethylene and the intermediate blocking layer has a thickness of between 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm. The inner layer has a thickness of at most 0.1 to 0.5 mm and the bonding layer has active side chains of maleic acid anhydride and a thickness of between 0.05 mm and 0.2 mm. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION As seen in the drawing a tubing for use in a motor vehicle conveying an alcohol-containing liquid, for instance, fuel, comprises a thick outer layer 1, a thick intermediate layer 2, a thin intermediate layer 3, a thin inner layer 4, and a thin outer intermediate layer 5.
The outer layer 1 is formed of a polyamide, Nylon 11 or Nylon 12.
It is between 0.
2 mm and 0.
7 mm thick.
The thick intermediate layer 2 is also formed of a polyamide, here Nylon 6.
It is between 0.
2 mm and 0.
7 mm thick also.
The intermediate bonding layer 3 serves as a blocking layer and is formed of a copolymer of ethylene and vinylalcohol with an ethylene content of between 30% and 45% by weight.
It is between 0.
1 mm and 0.
2 mm thick.
The thin inner layer 4 is made of a polyamide, Nylon 6.
It is very thin, between 0.
1 mm and 0.
3 mm thick.
This layer 4 can also be made of an aftercondensed Nylon 6 with a low monomer content.
The thin bonding layer has active side chains of maleic acid anhydride.
It is between 0.
05 mm and 0.
2 mm thick.
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