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Photoinitiators for photopolymerization of unsaturated systems
| Details |
Inventors: Kohler, Manfred; Ohngemach, Jorg; Wehner, Gregor; Gehlhaus, Jurgen;
Assignee: Merck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung (Darmstadt, DE)
Primary Examiner: McCamish; Marion E.
Assistant Examiner: Koeckert; Arthur H.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Millen, White & Zelano
Compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein Z is CR.sup.1 R.sup.2 (OR.sup.3) or phenyl, R.sup.1 being H, C.sub.1-6 -alkyl or phenyl, R.sup.2 being H, C.sub.1-6 -alkyl or C.sub.1-6 -alkoxy and R.sup.3 being H, C.sub.1-6 -alkyl or C.sub.1-6 -alkanoyl and Z' is Y-[(CH.sub.2).sub.m -X].sub.n -, X being CH.sub.2 or 0, Y being OH; COOH or SO.sub.3 H including the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts thereof and also the salts thereof with organic nitrogen bases; or NRR' in which R and R' are in each case H, C.sub.1-20 -alkyl or C.sub.1-4 -hydroxyalkyl, if appropriate quaternized or in the form of the acid addition salts, and n and m each being the numbers 1-4, are excellently suitable as photoinitiators for the photopolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds, in particular in aqueous systems. |
|
DETAILED DESCRIPTION We claim: 1.
A process for the photopolymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated compound or a system containing said compound, comprising exposing said compound or said system to activating radiation whereby polymerization is commenced, wherein said radiation is applied in the presence of a photoinitiator of formula I ##STR7## wherein Z is CR.
sup.
1 R.
sup.
2 (OR.
sup.
3), R.
sup.
1 being H, C.
sub.
1-6 -alkyl or phenyl, R.
sup.
2 being H, C.
sub.
1-6 -alkyl or C.
sub.
1-6 -alkoxy and R.
sup.
3 being H, C.
sub.
1-6 -alkyl or C-.
sub.
1-6 -alkanoyl and Z' is Y--[(CH.
sub.
2).
sub.
m --X].
sub.
n --, X being CH.
sub.
2 or O, Y being OH; COOH; SO.
sub.
3 H; an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salt thereof; a salt thereof with an organic nitrogen base; NRR' in which R and R' are in each case H, C.
sub.
1-20 -alkyl or C.
sub.
1-4 -hydroxyalkyl, or quaternized NRR' or NRR' in the form of an acid addition salt, and n and m each being a number 1-4.
2.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the photoinitiator is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-phenyl 2-propyl ketone 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-phenyl 2-hydroxy-2-propyl ketone 4-(2-aminoethyl)-phenyl 2-hydroxy-2-propyl ketone 4-(3-aminopropyl)-phenyl 2hydroxy-2-propyl ketone 4-(2-hydroxycarbonylethyl)-phenyl 2-hydroxy-2-propyl ketone 4-(3-hydroxycarbonylpropyl)-phenyl 2-hydroxy-2-propyl ketone 4-(2-hydroxyethyoxy)-phenyl 2-hydroxy-2-propyl ketone 4-(2-aminoethoxy)-phenyl 2-hydroxy-2-propyl ketone 4-[2-(hydroxymethoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl 2-hydroxy-2-propyl ketone 4-(2-hydroxydiethoxy)-phenyl 2-hydroxy-2-propyl ketone or 4-[2-(hydroxycarbonylmethoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl 2-hydroxy-2-propyl ketone.
3.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the photoinitiator is 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-phenyl 2-hydroxy-2-propyl ketone.
4.
A process according to claim 1, wherein the photoinitiator is added to the mixture to be polymerized before the photopolymerization is initiated.
5.
A process according to claim 4, wherein 0.
01 to 20% by weight of a compound of the formula I are added to the mixture to be polymerized before the photopolymerization is initiated
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