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All-weather-precision-landing-system-for-aircraft-in-remote-areas

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Details

Inventors: Hart, Gerald E.;
Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy (Washington, DC)
Primary Examiner: Sotomayor; John B.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: McDonnell; Thomas E., Miles; Edward F.

An all-weather aircraft landing system includes a plurality of ground based passive 90.degree. dihedral reflectors for producing two-bounce reflected signals without ground reflections, and an airborne radar system which may transmit and receive "same sense" circularly polarized radiation, while completely rejecting "opposite sense" polarization returns or else utilizing them to indicate weather conditions. Radar clutter from objects such as rain, buildings and trees which produce opposite sense reflections are rejected by the "same sense" receiver or switched to an "opposite sense" receiver to provide weather/obstacle condition information. By properly orienting a plurality of 90.degree. dihedral angle reflectors of a particular size in a predetermined array pattern and tilt-angle adjacent a runway, the reflections from airborne radar signals are processed and displayed to provide a visual means for determining glide slope deviation and approach vector of the landing aircraft. In a preferred embodiment, two (portable) reflectors are utilized in conjunction with an conventional linearly polarized wave airborne radar system (e.g., standard modern weather radar), requiring no modifications to the airborne equipment while still providing an inexpensive means to obtain precise visual indication of glide slope and approach vector information.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION A principal object of the present invention is to provide an improved passive reflector system for navigation during an aircraft's approach to a runway, or other landing strip, which is free from influence by clutter such as buildings, trees and rain, and which can be used at virtually any site.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a passive reflector system which may be manufactured economically and provides a large radar reflectivity cross-section in a light weight portable structure.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive all-weather approach and landing system that utilizes readily available conventional weather radar equipment commonly installed in many aircraft with no modifications to the equipment required.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a precision all-weather approach and landing system capable of use by aircraft only equipped with non-circularly-polarized wave radar equipment.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a precision all-weather approach and landing system utilizing a minimum number of 90.
degree.
dihedral ground-based reflectors that produce an extremely sharp two-bounce vertical reflected beamwidth.
These and other objects are achieved in accordance with the present invention by utilizing two or more 90.
degree.
dihedral angle ground-based reflectors of particular size, position, relative spacing, and tilt-angle so as to permit accurate use with either a sophisticated circularly-polarized wave airborne radar system or a conventional linearly-polarized wave airborne weather radar system.
A number of 90.
degree.
dihedral reflectors are positioned in a predetermined array adjacent to the landing runway.
This array provides an approaching aircraft's radar receiver with a safe, reliable indication of the aircraft's position with respect to the runway, under all types of weather conditions.
To accomplish this, the array acts to form an upper and lower reflected beam envelope within which the landing aircraft centers itself in order to maintain a desired glide slope angle

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