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| High frequency voltage comparator circuit |
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| Fast analog-digital converter with parallel structure |
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Cost-effective side-coupling polymer fiber optics for optical interconnections
| Details |
Inventors: Fasanella, Kenneth W.; Li, Yao; Wang, Ting;
Assignee: NEC Research Institute, Inc. (Princeton, NJ)
Primary Examiner: Rachuba; M.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Scully, Scott, Murphy & Presser
A unidirectional and bidirectional optical fiber couplers using polymer optical fibers having mirrors formed within the polymer optical fibers for reflecting optical signals. The mirrors comprise a notch having at least one surface angled with respect to the central axis of the optical fiber for reflecting the optical signal perpendicular to its central axis. A unidirectional embodiment allows input optical signals to be coupled from any combination of input optical fibers and transmitted into any combination of output optical fibers. A bidirectional embodiment allows optical signals from tapping fibers to be reflected in opposite directions along a first, or BUS optical fiber. Another aspect of the present invention is an apparatus and method for controlling the depth of the notch by monitoring residue power through the optical fibers while the notch is being cut. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a low cost optical fiber coupler apparatus and method for fabrication thereof.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a flexible optical fiber coupler apparatus and method for fabrication thereof.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an optical fiber coupler apparatus and method for fabrication thereof in which the highly flexible mechanical processing capability of POFs are utilized.
The availability of POFs makes it possible to incorporate, in addition to the above mentioned coupling approaches, a scheme to use simple optical reflection for couplings.
See, for example, U.
S.
Pat.
No.
4,872,739, to Kahn et al.
; B.
P.
Keyworth et al.
(1995) "Distributed serial taps in dispensed polymer multimode waveguides " 1995 OSA Annual Meeting, Sep.
10-15, 1995 (Portland, Oreg.
) talk WVV52; U.
S.
Pat.
No.
5,432,876, to Appeldorn et al.
; Y.
S.
Liu et.
al.
(1996) "Polymer optical interconnect technology (POINT): optoelectronic packaging and interconnect for board and backplane applications" Optoelectronic Interconnects and Packaging (eds.
R.
T.
Chen and P.
S.
Guilfoyle) SPIE CR62: 405-414; allowed U.
S.
patent application Ser.
No.
08/667,164, to Li et al.
entitled "Bi-directional Light Port for injecting light into and tapping light from a side of an optical fiber"; and Y.
Li et al.
(1996) "Distribution of light and optical signals using embedded mirrors inside polymer optical fibers " IEEE Photo.
Tech.
Lett.
8:1352-1354.
Both the conventional reflection and the total internal reflection can easily be implemented through mirrors formed inside a POF core using mechanical or other types of low-cost, in-print etching techniques.
Using a polished knife, a relatively smooth surface can be etched in different shapes and angles on a POF.
A mirror can be formed either by satisfying the total internal reflection condition of the etched interface or by metal deposition using a conventional metallic mirror coating process
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