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Micro-miniature beacon transmit-only geo-location emergency system for personal security
| Details |
Inventors: Schoen, Neil Charles; Schoen, Wendy Ann;
Assignee:
Primary Examiner: Blum; Theodore M.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Novel transmit-only geo-location techniques which can operate synergistically with existing or newly designed satellite or ground-based wireless communications networks using micro-miniature emergency geo-location beacons to provide personal security are described. A combination of physical measurement parameters (Doppler shifts and/or time intervals obtained from clock or signal correlation data) allows geo-location with a reduced number of satellite or wireless receive nodes, thus reducing the cost or increasing the coverage of the system as compared to current geo-location systems. In addition, several of these techniques allow geo-location to be performed on optical and infra-red radiation sources, which can enable tracking of any emitter by existing or newly designed surveillance satellites, including commercial and military aircraft, and hostile missiles or other optically active targets. Intermittent single burst coded signals radiated by the emitting source, which for personal security applications can be extremely small and easily carried in a concealed fashion, can be detected at one or more satellites or receive nodes and relayed to a central monitoring station, or operations center, where signals are processed and the location of the source is determined. Existing communications channels can be used to relay the location from the central monitoring station to appropriate rescue or interdiction personnel. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The three major configurations or modes of operation for this micro-miniature emergency geo-location system are shown in FIGS.
1, 2.
The modes allowing global coverage are shown in FIG.
1.
The less complex mode utilizes a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation, in which the signal emitted by the emergency beacon 2 is detected by several (>2) satellites 4, and the location of the beacon is determined from the Doppler shifts at the receiving satellites and the satellite positions (which are determined from on-board GPS receivers).
An optional configuration, which could reduce the number of LEO satellites, would utilize a constellation of GPS 6 satellites with a GPS receiver in the emergency beacon, which would then provide location information in the emitted beacon signal and, therefore, would only require one LEO receiving satellite to function.
However, this mode requires a larger beacon unit to accommodate the GPS receiver unit.
It also requires 30-60 seconds to determine a latitude/longitude data pair and good receipt of GPS signals from at least 3 GPS satellites.
In high population areas, a third mode of operation is possible, which utilizes a network of local receivers or nodes 8, as shown in FIG.
2.
These modes can be cellular telephone modes, or can be wireless antennas operating in a slightly different bandwidth.
The cellular modes are typically a few miles apart, whereas the wireless RF/radio links can receive signals up to 30 kilometers from the transmitting unit.
Both systems rely on direction finding techniques to determine the location of the emergency beacon signal.
An operations center, or central ground monitoring station 3, which is comprised of a satellite or network communications link, a monitoring and processing computer (for geo-location calculation, display of location on computer-stored GIS maps, and telephone lists of with user identification codes and emergency phone numbers), and a conventional modem/telephone link with automated dialing equipment to commercial telephone networks, is shown in FIGS
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