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Ultrapurification of organic solvents
| Details |
Inventors: Ray, Roderick J.; Newbold, David D.; Friesen, Dwayne T.; McCray, Scott B.; Ray, Lori A.;
Assignee: Bend Research, Inc. (Bend, OR)
Primary Examiner: Spitzer; Robert H.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Chernoff, Vilhauer, McClung & Stenzel, LLP
A system for the ultrapurification of organic solvents comprising (1) a membrane-based vapor permeation step for selective removal of water vapor from the solvent, wherein a countercurrent sweep stream is used that has a particular partial pressure of water vapor, (2) a filtration step for selective removal of particulates, and (3) an ion exchange step for selective removal of ionic species. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION For purposes of the present invention, the following definitions are used.
Solvent: a volatile organic compound having a boiling point greater than -100.
degree.
C.
and less than 200.
degree.
C.
at one atmosphere of pressure.
Vapors: fluids in vaporous form below their critical temperatures and having a boiling point of greater than -100.
degree.
C.
at one atmosphere of pressure.
Sweep: a gas phase fluid, i.
e.
, not a liquid at operating conditions of the process.
Vapor B-rich permeate: the partial pressure of Vapor B in the permeate stream divided by the sum of the partial pressure of Vapor B and the partial pressure of Vapor A in the permeate stream is greater than the same ratio in the feed stream.
This term does not necessarily mean that the partial pressure of Vapor B in the permeate is greater than the partial pressure of Vapor B in the feed, since the permeate also contains the gas phase sweep gas.
For illustrative purposes, it is assumed that the feed stream contains two vapors: Vapor A and Vapor B.
It is further assumed that the membrane is more permeable to Vapor B than to Vapor A.
FIG.
1 shows the basic process using a membrane to produce a Vapor B-rich permeate stream and a Vapor B-depleted retentate stream, using a countercurrent sweep stream to maintain a low partial pressure of Vapor B on the permeate side of the membrane.
FIG.
2 shows a process similar to that shown in FIG.
1 except that the sweep stream is produced by a membrane-based unit.
FIG.
3 shows a process similar to that shown in FIG.
1 except that the sweep stream is produced by a hydrid compression/condensation process.
FIG.
4 shows a process similar to that shown in FIG.
1 except that the sweep stream is produced by a sorption process.
FIG.
5 shows a process similar to that shown in FIG.
1 except that the sweep stream is obtained from bottled purified gas.
FIG.
6 shows a process similar to that shown in FIG.
1 except that the sweep stream is produced by evaporation of a liquified gas
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