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| Semiconductor component with pressure contact |
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| Closure for semiconductor device and method of construction |
| OF THE INVENTION A semiconductor device constructed according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1 ... |
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| Dynamic reference voltage generator |
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| Portable television receiver of the panel type |
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| Compact, wideband antenna system |
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| Antenna for radio apparatus |
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| Antenna for a radio communication apparatus |
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Anti-fouling compositions
| Details |
Inventors: Salome, Frederik;
Assignee: Berger, Jenson & Nicholson, Limited (London, GB2)
Primary Examiner:
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Marine anti-fouling compositions contain, in addition to the conventional resin, toxin, solvent, pigment and other additives, hollow particles, of size from 1 to 800 microns, in an amount to give a particle concentration in a dry paint film of 10 to 80% by volume. The hollow particles are preferably hollow microspheres or microballoons of glass or plastics material having an apparent bulk density of from 0.03 to 0.5 g/cc. The compositions can be applied at high film thicknesses in a single coat without crack-formation. The particles assist in maintaining a controlled slow release of toxin from the paint film, and can enhance the useful protective life thereof. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION I claim: 1.
In a marine anti-fouling liquid paint composition containing resin, marine toxin and solvent, the improvement comprising hollow particles of glass or sodium borosilicate having substantially no internal porosity, a particle size of from 1 to 800 microns, an apparent bulk density of 0.
1 to 0.
5 g/cc, as measured by liquid displacement, and present in an amount sufficient to give a particle concentration in a dry film formed from the composition of from 10% to 80% by volume.
2.
An anti-fouling composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hollow particles are hollow microspheres or microballoons.
3.
An anti-fouling composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hollow particles are of glass.
4.
An anti-fouling composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hollow particles have sizes in the range 5 to 300 microns.
5.
An anti-fouling composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hollow particles are present in an amount of from 25% by volume of a dry film prepared from the composition, up to the amount where they are in contact in the dry film with the interstices just filled with the remaining ingredients of the composition.
6.
An anti-fouling composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particles are substantially rigid.
7.
An anti-fouling composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resin is slowly dissolved by water.
8.
An anti-fouling composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resin is chemically bonded to the toxin by a bond which is slowly hydrolysed by water.
9.
A method of protecting a substrate, consisting in applying to the substrate a single coating having a thickness of at least 300 microns of the anti-fouling composition of claim 1.
Description:
Anti-fouling compositions are paints applied to the underwater areas of ships in order to prevent growth of marine organisms, which, due to their weight and the roughness they impart to a surface, have a very significant influence on the speed and fuel consumption of a vessel.
Anti-fouling coatings do not contribute significantly to the protection of a hull against corrosion, and therefore they are applied as a topcoat over a suitable priming system
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