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Cylindrical-elongated-furnace-for-treating-material-at-high-temperature-in-a-gaseous-atmosphere-under-high-pressure

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Details

Inventors: Isaksson, Sven Erik;
Assignee: Allmanna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget (Vasteras, SW)
Primary Examiner: Envall, Jr.; R. N.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Watson, Cole, Grindle & Watson

A cylindrical elongated furnace for treating material at high temperature in a gaseous atmosphere under high pressure includes a vertical cylindrical pressure chamber for confining gas under pressure and a furnace space surrounded by a cylindrical heater formed of electrical resistor elements and insulation surrounding the furnace space and the heater. The insulation is formed by a cylindrical insulating sheath. The heater is built up of ceramic elements which form a cylinder with annular channels for the electrical resistor elements and supporting insulation surrounding and holding the ceramic elements together, such insulation having a low gas permeability and being formed of several layers of a tight felt impregnated with a hardening component. The leads for the heating elements are flat vertical elements arranged on the outside of the ceramic elements and formed with one or more bights projecting into the annular channels to reduce the free hanging length of the leads.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION In the furnace according to the invention, a ceramic heater is used, which entails many advantages over the heaters used so far.
It has an excellent stability of shape, and, provides greater freedom for the location of the heating elements and therefore better possibilities of maintaining an even temperature in the furnace space, and a better support for the heating elements and thus a reduced risk of deformation, shortcircuiting and rupture.
In addition to this, it is provides a not inconsiderable contribution to the heat insulation and is easily serviceable.
All this contributes to an improved economy with fewer breakdowns and reduced direct service expenses.
The heater is built up of ceramic elements which form a cylinder with annular channels for electric resistor elements and a support insulation surrounding the ceramic elements and holding them together, and support insulation having a low gas permeability and being built up of several layers of a thick felt which has been impregnated with a hardening component so that the layers are bonded together.
This felt in one case consists substantially of aluminium silicate.
The thickness is suitably from 1 to 3 mm and the support insulation suitably consists of from 3 to 10 layers of a total thickness of from 3 to 25 mm.
The impregnating agent may consist of 10-25 % of a powder or liquid cement of fine-grained zirconium oxide suspended in a liquid hardener of the Triton (Trademark) or Carborundon (Trademark) QF 180 types.
This bonding hardening element is applied to the felt in connection with this being wound on around the cylinder of the ceramic elements.
The individual ceramic elements are U-shaped and oriented in such a way that the web forms the bottom and the flanges form vertical walls in the annular channels for the heating elements, and inner and outer walls in the cylinder formed of the ceramic elements.
The flanges of the ceramic elements form a substantially unbroken outer wall and an inner wall provided with openings

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