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Fishing reel with position regulator for drag control member |
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Tape cassette with clutch assembly |
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Mode changing mechanism for a tape player |
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Internal combustion engine |
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Immersable device for a progressive distribution in particular for feeding fish |
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Frequency translator |
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Carbon electrode, in particular a graphite electrode for producing steel |
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Stabilizer foot for backhoes and the like |
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Method and apparatus for real time defect inspection of metal at elevated temperature
| Details |
Inventors: Morris, John W.;
Assignee: Teledyne Industries Inc. (Los Angeles, CA)
Primary Examiner: Bennett; G. Bradley
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Beveridge, Degrandi, Weilacher & Young
A system for detecting, in real time, the existence, depth, extent, and type of a defect in an above ambient temperature object which has been formed by working or other heat input. Such defect detection is performed by analyzing IR emissions from the product, and from a defect site in particular, in order to assess the characteristics of the detected defect. The defect observables are then compared with known defect training data in order to characterize the defect as to type, depth and extent. |
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION The aforementioned and other objects of the invention are achieved by providing a method and apparatus having real time, on-line automatic, 100% inspection capability for quality control and process control during the actual dynamic formation of a material or metal into various shapes and sizes by hot working or other heat input. Specifically, the invention is to determine the type of defects (or "flaws") and to measure the defect depth into the metal through the infrared measurement of temperature, temperature variations, thermal lengths, and heating patterns proximal to the defect site. While the present invention is described primarily with respect to its application in metal formation systems, it will be recognized by one having ordinary skill in the art that the present invention can be applied to all types of hot material formation wherein the hot material has a substantially homogeneous thermal profile and to other types of formed materials that have a substantially homogeneous structure. Defects in formed metal are understood to include all metal faults such as scabs, laps, scratches, grooves, fins, pits, cracks, slivers, foreign matter, roughness, etc. The present invention is believed to be novel and unique because no known prior art method and/or device has been known to accomplish, or purports to accomplish, the measurement of metal defect type and defect depth, in real time, during, or immediately following, metal manufacture by utilizing infrared sensing equipment and the accompanying processing ability. The surface of a semi-continuous or continuous metal product in dynamic thermal equilibrium, but which is undergoing hot working, will have a substantially uniform (or slowly varying convection gradient) temperature distribution except near the ends of the metal product and at hot working contact sites. Defects can be described generically as some combination of a void, a fold, and/or an impurity which may or may not be random, and which may or may not break the surface of the metal
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